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Cytokines (cell signalling proteins)
Attract phagocytes to sites of infection
Histamine stimulates cells to release cytokines
stimulate inflammation and immune response
(Interleukin 1 & 6 promote inflammation)
(Interleukin 1 = targets brain causing drowsiness and fever)
Opsonins
Bind to pathogens
Mark them for phagocytosis
(Phagocytes have receptors to bind to opsonins)
Limitations of non specific defences
not always effective
Rapid response is same for all pathogens - cants distinguish between pathogens
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