AP BIO BIOENERGETICS

Which statement best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

ATP hydrolysis is often coupled to endergonic reactions because it

releases free energy

Enzymes increase reaction rates by

lowering activation energy

Which factor would most likely cause an enzyme to denature?

Extreme pH

The induced-fit model proposes that

enzymes change shape upon substrate binding

A competitive inhibitor reduces enzyme activity by

binding to the active site

Noncompetitive inhibitors affect enzymes by

binding to a site other than the active site

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the

thylakoid membrane

The primary purpose of the light reactions is to produce

ATP and NADPH

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the light reactions?

NADP⁺

Oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from

water

The Calvin cycle directly uses

ATP and NADPH

The main function of the Calvin cycle is to

fix carbon into sugars

Glycolysis occurs in the

cytoplasm

Which process produces the most ATP in cellular respiration?

Oxidative phosphorylation

The electron transport chain is powered by

high-energy electrons

Oxygen’s role in cellular respiration is to

accept electrons at the end of the ETC

Chemiosmosis involves

diffusion of protons through ATP synthase

Fermentation allows cells to

regenerate NAD⁺

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in

muscle cells under low oxygen

Alcohol fermentation produces

ethanol and CO₂

Feedback inhibition helps regulate metabolism by

inhibiting an enzyme early in a pathway

Which comparison is correct?

Both use electron transport chains

Which best explains why plants respire even though they photosynthesize?

Respiration provides energy for cellular work

Photosynthesis and Light Quality

A plant is grown under light that lacks wavelengths absorbed by chlorophyll but still

receives adequate water and carbon dioxide.

Which outcome is most likely?

ATP and NADPH production will decrease, reducing sugar synthesis