The New MTs Handbook, 3rd Edition - CBMT Prep

Auditory Discrimination

The ability to hear similarities and differences between sounds, and it's finest aspects, phonemes.

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

The web of nerves and ganglia, divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, that control and regulate involuntary behavior (breathing, functioning of internal organs, BP, HR)

Ayurvedic medicine

The "Science of Life" as it applies to health and balance, based on ancient texts, the Vedas. Primary practices include "pranayama" breathing techniques, six types of yoga, balancing of doshas, and meditation.

Behavioral Disorder

A problem in social behavior that is sufficiently extreme as to interfere with the learning process. Often, an emotional disorder is considered a behavioral disorder.

Ableism

The predjuice and negativity that result in undervaluing the abilities and humanity of those whose bodies or minds function differently from the majority of the population.

Alzhiemer's Disease

A progressive, degenerative disease with insidious onset, characterized by multiple cognitive deficits and significant decline in functioning. It is characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain cells.

Asperger's Disease (AD)

One type of ASD that is no longer being applied as a specific diagnosis, but shares characteristics of social pragmatic communication disorders.

Auditory Memory

The ability to retain and recall that which is heard.

Auditory Motor Match

The process whereby awareness of sound results in a movement or response and a cognitive connection is made.

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurological condition that is characterized by difficulties in communication, social and emotional behavior, often involving limited and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. There is a wide continuum of severity and functionality for individuals with this condition.

Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BM-GIM)

A method of transformational therapy that uses selected pieces of classical music for visual imagery that is shared by the listener with a trained facilitator. It involves listening to music in a relaxed state to elicit imagery, symbols, and feelings to enhance self-understanding and spirituality.

Child Life Specialists

Professionals working in medical settings for child & families, providing play and diversional activities, preparation for medical procedures, and to help them deal with stress of hospitalization and to enhance their well-being.

Communication disorder

A disability which is characterized by the difficulty in or inability to process, send, transfer, or comprehend thought. May affect speech, language, or hearing.

cultural humitlity

An approach to multiculturalism applied to healthcare and other fields, with an orientation to others that emphasizes their cultural identities.

Dementia

A deterioration in cog functioning, memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving.

developmental disability

A severe, chronic, mental, pr physical impairment(s) originating from childhood, resulting in significant func limitations in behavior, learning, language, and/or physical development.

equanimity

Emotional or mental calm or composure; a balanced or "big picture" view amidst disarray or difficulty.

Entrainment

Synchronization of behavior, mood, or physiological response to an external rhythm.

Evidence-Based practice

The use of the most up to date and valid research for making clinical decisions.

Existential therapy

A system of psychotherapy emphasizing the search for meaning, based on human self-determination and self-awareness.

Fine motor dexterity (coordination)

The use of small muscles for reaching, grasping, and manipulating objects.

Forensic Psychiatry

The branch of psychiatry devoted to legal problems and infractions of law that concerns competency to stand trail, rehabilitation, and treatment of offenders.

Gerontology

The study of aging, characteristic behaviors of older adults, and conditions associated with the late life.

Gestalt Theory

A system of psychotherapy that emphasizes the individual's lived experience in the moment, and is based on self-responsibility and the ability to self-regulate.

Hospice

A setting for terminally ill individuals that provides services by an interprofessional team, with spiritual and emotional support and medical care, in preparation for the end of life.

Huntington's Disease (chorea)

A genetic disorder, affecting the central nervous system and causing involuntary movements and contortions; may cause cog decline and behavioral symptoms.

Inclusion

The concept referring to placing children with special needs in the classroom with peers of the same age, and importing support and prescribed related services to that classroom.

Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

A n individualized written plan for a child w/ special needs, includes presenting func, long/short term goals/objectives, required services, and related information. Handicapped children must have related services when appropriate.

Integrative Medicine and Health

An evidence-based healthcare paradigm that is holistic, with recognition that the interrelationships between mind, body, and spirit affect health and well-being. This approach values and combines Eastern and Western medicine, traditional and non-traditional approaches to healing, and ancient wisdom and contemporary medicine.

Interprofessional

Interdisciplinary, as in a collaborative team of clinicians from a variety of professions.

Iso-Prinicple

The process of matching music to an individual's mood to facilitate their self-awareness and understanding.

Juvenile Offenders

Children who have committed offenses, according to law. Leading to incarceration in juvenile detention centers.

Learning Disabilities

Neurologically-based processing problems resulting in decreased achievement when compared to the norm. They can affect language, reasoning, and academic skill development.

Least restrictive environment

The concept that children with disabilities have access to education with their same-age peers, and are fully included or mainstreamed in regular classrooms, to the greatest possible extent.

Mainstreaming

placement of students with special needs in regular classrooms during part of their school day

neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

a medical unit for newborns who are premature or ill and require specialized care

Neurochemicals

Peptides or molecules that participate in neural activity (organic substances such as dopamine and serotonin.)

Neurodiversity

A conceptual framework that recognizes the brain as an ecosystem with levels of competence across an almost endless variety of domains. Individual differences are viewed as occurring within a natural progression of human abilities and cultural variance, as opposed to being perceived as peculiar or abnormal.

Neuroimaging

Brain-scanning technologies and methods that produce pictures of brain structure and activity. (Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computerized Tomography (CT))

Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT)

A model driven by neuroscience and the perception, production, and performance of music as it influences non-musical brain and behavior function.

Neuromuscular and skeletal disorders

A group of conditions affecting the nervous system, bone structures, and the muscles of the body. These include autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis), Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, bone conditions (e.g., osteoarthritis, osteoporosis), and in children, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and Down's and Fragile X syndromes.

Neurons

Nerve cells that connect up within the brain, and between the brain and other areas of the body, forging new pathways with new sequences.

Neuroplasticity

The concept that the brain is adaptable, particularly after injury or insult, that it can form new connections between brain cell synapses and create diverse sequences of neuropathways.

Neuroscience

study of the nervous system and brain; the biology, anatomy, and physiology of nerves and nervous tissues. This branch of neurophysiology relates brain systems to the study of mind, behavior, and learning.

Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy

"Creative arts therapy" is a clinical music improvisation model that engages in the belief that everyone is capable of musical expression.

Palliative care

A healthcare approach that emphasizes the quality of life in individuals who have life threatening illness and their families, to comfort and relieve pain and suffering. Involves pain assessment, symptom management, and psycho-spirtual approach to dying.

Parkinson's disease

A chronic, neurodegenerative disorder of the nervous system, characterized by tremor, rigidity, impaired gait and balance, and slow movements.

Physical challenges (disabilities or impairments)

Any impairment of the body that affects functional capacity

Physical Therapy (PT, Physiotherapy)

A rehab treatment of physical impairment or challenge, with goals of restoring, preserving, or enhancing physical functioning or movement, using techniques such as massage, hydrotherapy, heat, manipulation, and exercise.

Pitch-matching

Imitation of highness or lowness of a sound or replicating a musical pitch.

positive psychology

A discipline that recognizes the multidimensional nature of human flourishing, thriving, and fulfillment, and studies the science of optional functioning.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A type of anxiety disorder where the person re-experiences a trauma with persistent arousal and avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, causing significant distress and functional impairment.

Psychoneuroimmunology

An integration of psychology, neurology, and immunology, or mind/cognition, brain/nervous system, and immune function; a study of the mechanics of mind and brain as they resist disease and improve overall health.

receptive music therapy

Music therapy methods that focus on music listening and passive music-based interventions, including music-assisted relaxation, guided imagery, vibroacoustic approaches, and song-lyric analysis.

Rett syndrome

A disorder in which a child with normal early development loses manual dexterity, coordinated gait, social engagement, and language; associated with severe psychomotor delays and deceleration of head growth.

sensory deficit or impairment

A disorder affecting contact with the environment through the senses (hearing, vision, taste, touch, kinesthesia).

stroke (apoplexy)

blockage of the blood supply to the brain which may be transient and temporary or severe resulting in paralysis, aphasia (a speech disorder), or incontinence (loss of bowel control)

third wave therapies

These approaches to psychotherapy are based on principles and the historical development of behavioral and cognitive therapies, and have evolved to include dialectical behavior therapy (DBT, functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and other similar therapies.

Traditional Chinese Medicine.

A healthcare model based on the ancient Chinese text, Neijing Suwen Lingshu, with concepts of yin-yang (forces that balance life and health), five elements (earth, wood, metal, water, and fire), and Qi-the life force. Its primary practices include acupuncture, acupressure, herbal medicine, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, and Tui Na (massage).

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A broad term for head injury sustained in an accident or other sudden onset.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

A concept that supports access to learning environments and opportunities for all, regardless of ability or disability; a flexible framework for individuals who have diverse learning styles, emphasizing functional capacity.

Williams Syndrome

A congenital, neurobehavioral disorder characterized by delayed motor development, mild to moderate cognitive impairment, and notable impairment in visual and spatial func-tioning. Children tend to display hyperacusis, responsiveness to music, and a social and verbal fluency.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A genetic, neurological condition that affects executive functions, attention, motivation, concentration, and focus of attention.

cerebral cortex.

The surface layer of the brain (and cerebrum), consisting of grey matter that is involved in cognition, conscious-ness, awareness, language, and higher order functioning and voluntary behavior.

fibromyalgia.

A nonarticular rheumatic disorder, also known as myofascial pain syndrome; characterized by pain, stiffiness, and extreme tenderness in the muscles.

flow

A highly focused state of attention and gratifying absorption involving a certain degree of challenge and skill, and often resulting in a sense of timelessness.

hyperacusis

An extreme sensitivity to sound which is also known as collapsed or decreased sound tolerance (DST).

limbic system

A set of subcortical (beneath the cortex) brain structures that include the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala, and manage memories, instincts, and emotions.

multisensory (or multimodal) integration

The use of a combination of sensory channels, e.g., visual, auditory, olfactory, taste, kinesthetic, and experiential stimuli to engage learning.

Accountability

The process by which one is responsible and answerable for obligations to a set of constituencies.

Assessment

A systematic approach to the evaluation, appraisal, or observation of a person's strengths and weaknesses in preparation for treatment planning.

Data-Based Model

An approach based on information retrieved through assessment, documentation, experimentation, and/or direct observation.

dysphoric

Having feelings of dejection, misery, and underestimation

of self.

empathy

The sense of understanding another person's feelings, ideas, and desires by placing oneself into the other's frame of reference.

generalization

The process of transferring or applying responses to a different set of stimuli, new setting, or another behavior.

goal

Expected therapeutic outcome; a purpose or direction for

therapy.

insight

The self-knowledge and deep understanding of personal issues, primarily regarding the dynamics and roots of symptoms.

objective

An expected outcome of therapy that defines the goal in clearly observable and measurable behaviors.

protocol

An explicit set of procedures, plans, music-based interventions, and systems to support meeting the goals and objectives for clients), and clinical decision-making for therapists.

quadruple aim

A standard of healthcare, based on improving the patient experience, enhancing health outcomes while leveling health disparities, reducing costs, and caring for the healthcare provider.

referral

The act of directing a client to a specialist or clinician (for our purposes, a music therapist), typically to aid in meeting established clinical goals and objectives.

target response

A behavior or set of behaviors that provides the focus of therapy identified in the therapeutic goal or behavioral objective.

termination

The final stage of therapy that should include evaluation of progress, a plan for phasing out and/or ending therapy, recommendations for the future, and a follow-up plan.

cerebral cortex

The surface layer of the brain (and cerebrum), consisting of grey matter that is involved in cognition, conscious-ness, awareness, language, and higher order functioning and voluntary behavior.

Fibromyalgia

A nonarticular rheumatic disorder, also known as myofascial pain syndrome; characterized by pain, stiffness, and extreme tenderness in the muscles.

Contract

A mutually agreed upon set of expectations, rules, and policies governing the behavior of both therapist and client.

Metaphor

An experience or setting within which behavior is representative or indicative of other life experiences or external environments

Rapport

The closeness/trust that is considered conductive to a warm, understanding, and caring environment.

Reinforcement value

The degree to which an activity/material is pleasurable or serves as reinforcement to behavior.

Assessment Tool

A test, device, form, or instrument that is developed for the purpose of measuring strengths and weaknesses in a given area.

Baseline

A starting point to serve as a basis for measuring change.

Bipolar Disorder

A brain disorder, or manic-depressive disorder, resulting in extremes of mood, emotion, activity, and other behaviors.

Norm-referenced tests

Tests that compares individual/group scores with averages & other measures of central tendency derived from a wider, selected sample of test takers.

Post test

An assessment of skills at the end of a therapeutic intervention or designated experimental phase.

Pre test

An assessment of skills before a therapeutic intervention or designated experimental phase.

Projective test

An assessment where the individual responds to a test stimulus and reveals personality traits or unconscious processes.

Psychometric analysis

ways of determining validity and reliability

Reliability

To determine consistency or stability of a test or observation.

Test-retest reliability

Comparing test performance in replications of the same test at least twice.

Inter-rater reliability

The agreement between observes of the same behavior or response.