abeka health 9 section 5.2

DONE. study this for the test tmr :( srry its so long

first degree burns

damage the epidermis

second degree burns

damage the epidermis and dermis

third degree burns

damages all three layers of skin

cool water, sterile cloth

how should you treat a first degree burn?

cool water, sterile bandage, monitor for shock

how should you treat a second degree burn?

call 911, no water, loosely cover with bandage, lay victim down

how should you treat a third degree burn?

convulsions / seizures

involuntary muscle contractions throughout the body

1. constrain
2. 911
3. head
4. vitals

**fill in the blank**

*how do you treat convulsions / seizures:*

\

1. Do not hold down or ________ the victim 
2. Call ____ 
3. Support their ______ 
4. Monitor their _______

dislocation

when a bone is forced out of its normal position at a joint

1. immobilize and joint
2. cold

**fill in the blank**

*how do you treat a dislocation?:*

\

1. ________ above or below the _____ with a splint 
2. Use ______ compress for swelling

1. touch
2. CPR
3. recovery

**fill in the blank**

*how do you treat electric shock?:*

\

1. Never _____ a victim in contact with electric shock 
2. Monitor vitals in the case of needing _____
3. Place in ______ position and wait for help

fainting

a temporary loss of consciousness that is caused by too little blood flow to the brain

1. head and feet
2. loosen
3. vitals

**fill in the blank**

*how do you treat fainting?:*

\

1. Lower the victim’s ___ and raise their __________
2. ________ tight clothing and apply cool cloths
3. Monitor ______

closed fracture

broken bone does not break through the skin

1. circulation
2. rigid
3. above and below
4. swelling and vitals

**fill in the blank**

*how do you treat a closed fracture?:*

\

1. Check for ________ 
2. Place a _____ object by the broken bone 
3. Support the injured area by splinting ______ __and__ _______ 
4. Monitor ______ and ________

open fracture

broken bone does break through the skin

1. bleeding
2. sterile cloths and bandages
3. soft

**fill in the blank**

*how do you treat an open fracture?:*

\

1. Call 911 if ________ is severe 
2. Cover wound with __________ __and__ _____________ 
3. Immobilize the injury with a _____ object if possible

rigid splint

use a firm object

anatomic splint

uses another body part to splint an injury

soft splint

uses a soft object to splint an injury

frostbite

extreme cold causes crystals to form in body tissue 

1. warm
2. loosely
3. rub
4. heat

**fill in the blank**

if you are frostbitten, *affected tissue will die*, so you should…

\

1. Apply **______** water to affected area
2. _______ cover with sterile bandages
3. Do not ____ affected area
4. Keep by a _____ source and encourage the victim to move

hyperthermia

any health issue resulting from overexposure to heat

1. heat
2. cool
3. stretch

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *heat cramps*, you should…

\

1. Move them out of _____
2. Give _____ water
3. ________ or massage cramped muscles

1. cool
2. loosen
3. water and heat stroke

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *heat exhaustion*, you should…

\

1. Move to a _____ location
2. ______ clothing and apply a cool compress
3. Give ______and watch for signs of ___________

1. 911
2. cryotherapy
3. cool
4. shock

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with a *heat stroke*, you should…

\

1. Call ______
2. Begin ________ (loosen clothing, cold compress, cold water immersion, fanning)
3. Give _____ water
4. Monitor for _______

cryotherapy

loosen clothing, cold compress, cold water immersion, fanning

hyperventilation

rapid breathing that lowers carbon dioxide

hyperventilation

what is caused by emotional problems, fear, anxiety, etc.?

1. calm
2. sit and slow
3. bag or hands
4. head

**fill in the blank**

how should you care for someone who is *hyperventilating*?

\

1. Attempt to ______ victim
2. _____ and _____ breathing
3. Breath into _____ or _______
4. Lower _______ if they feel dizzy

hypothermia

body temperature drops way below normal

shivering, stiffness, slow movement, **lethargic**

list some signs of hypothermia.

1. 911
2. warm
3. *gradually*
4. wet

**fill in the blank**

how should you care for *hypothermia*?

\

1. Call ______
2. Move to _______ location
3. *_________* increase body temp
4. Remove _____ clothing; give warm drink

nosebleeds

what is caused by injury, infection, strenuous activity, high blood pressure, high altitudes, dry air, etc.?

\

1. forward
2. pressure
3. cold

**fill in the blank**

how should you care for *nosebleeds*?

\

1. Lean slightly _________
2. Apply direct ________ to nose
3. Apply ____ compress to help slow bleeding

1. 911 or poison control
2. instructions
3. shock and breathing

**fill in the blank**

how should you care for someone with *poisoning*?

\

1. Call _____ or ____________________
2. Follow ______________ on label of poisonous substance
3. Monitor victim for ______, loss of ____________, or unconsciousness

1. distance
2. fresh
3. breathing

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *inhaled* toxins, you should…

\

1. Stay at a safe __________ until scene is secure
2. Move victim to _______ air
3. Monitor ___________ and give treatment

1. gloves
2. remove
3. 911

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *absorbed* toxins, you should…

\

1. Wear ________ if possible
2. __________ clothing from affected areas
3. Call ______ and monitor breathing

pit vipers

family of snakes which infects **hemolytic venom** (attacks circulatory system) through fangs

hemolytic venom

attacks circulatory system (pit vipers)

coral snakes

inflict **neurotoxic venom** (attacks nervous system) by chewing, not use of fangs 

neurotoxic venom

attacks nervous system (coral snake)

1. 911
2. ***antivenin***
3. below
4. loosen
5. monitor
6. clean
7. away

**fill in the blank**

how should you care for *snake bites*?

\

1. Call _______
2. Remember what snake looked like to determine the type of **__________** to use
3. Keep the area still and ________ the heart
4. _________ tight clothing
5. ________ breathing / circulation
6. ________ wound if possible
7. Wrap with elastic bandage starting ______ from the heart

1. bleeding
2. wash
3. medical

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *animal bites*, you should…

\

1. Control severe _________
2. _______ wound and cover with sterile bandages
3. Seek _______ treatment

tetanus

 bacterial disease from animal bites

rabies

viral disease contracted through animal saliva

1. stinger
2. wash
3. cold

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *insect stings*, you should…

\

1. Remove the __________
2. _______ area and cover
3. Apply a ______ compress

1. remove
2. wash
3. medical
4. **lymes**

**fill in the blank**

when dealing with *tick bites*, you should…

\

1. ________ the tick
2. _______ area
3. Seek ___________ attention if part of the tick remains in the skin
4. Watch for signs of _______ disease

strain

 a muscle or tendon is stretched to the point of tearing

sprain

ligament is stretched or torn around a joint; might require surgery

RICE

what should you use for a strain / sprain?

Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate

what does RICE mean?

closed wound (***contusion***)

bruise; can cause internal bleeding

open wound

any break in the skin can lead to infection

incision

smooth edged cut

laceration

jagged edged cut

abrasions

scrapes

punctures

pointed objects piercing through the skin

1. pressure
2. severe
3. 911

**fill in the blank**

how should you care for *wounds*?

\

1. Apply _________
2. Clean wound if bleeding is not _______
3. Call ______ if bleeding is severe