Chapter 5 - Cell Organelles, Membranes, and Transport
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28 Terms
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Chloroplasts
\________ are photosynthesizing cells found in plants and algae.
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Vacuoles
\________ offer turgor pressure and support to the plant cell by taking up space within the cell.
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Bound
\________ ribosomes are present on the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane in eukaryotes.
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Bacteria
\________ may also have additional genetic material outside of the chromosome, which is stored in little circular bits of DNA known as plasmids.
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Proteins
\________ synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum's free ribosomes are transported to the Golgi, where they are modified into their final shape and packaged into vesicles for transit throughout the cell.
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prokaryotes
Both \________ and eukaryotes have free ribosomes in their cytoplasm.
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Lysosomes
\________ can aid in the digestion of macromolecules, the breakdown of worn- out cell components, the function of apoptosis, and the destruction of bacteria and viruses that have infiltrated the cell.
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Ribosomes
\________ are attached to the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which performs protein synthesis.
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Genetic material
\________, ribosomes, cytosol, and a plasma membrane are found in all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
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Chaperonins
\________ are proteins that aid in the folding of polypeptides into three- dimensional structures.
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Chloroplasts
\________ feature a smooth outer membrane and pancake- shaped membranous sacs called thylakoids, which are stacked to form grana (singular: granum)
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Mitochondria
\________ are organelles that generate energy for the cell.
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surface area
The \________ accessible for energy generation during cellular respiration is increased by these folds on the inner membrane.
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DNA
\________ is packed into linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, which are housed in a membrane- bound nucleus.
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The \________ lacks ribosomes and is involved in the production of lipids as well as the detoxification of toxic compounds in the cell.
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matrix
The \________, an enzyme- containing fluid, is located in the middle of the mitochondria.
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Golgi complex
The \________ (also known as the Golgi body) is a stack of flattened membrane sacs (called cisternae)
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Eukaryotic cells
\________ are found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
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Lysosomes
\________ are membrane- bound sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes and are involved in a number of cell functions.
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Ribosomes
\________ are present in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells and are involved in protein synthesis.
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Golgi complex
The \________ is frequently discovered near the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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genetic material
The \________ (DNA) in prokaryotes is a circular chromosome situated in the middle of the cell in an area known as the nucleoid region.
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Chloroplasts
\________ feature a smooth outer membrane and pancake- shaped membranous sacs called thylakoids, which are stacked to form grana (singular: granum)
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mitochondria
The \________ have two membranes, one smooth on the outside and one folded on the inside.
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Ribosomes
\________ combine amino acids into polypeptide chains in accordance with the mRNA sequence during translation.
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Golgi complex
The lumen is the inside of each cisterna and includes the enzymes required for the \________ to operate.
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Ribosomes
\________ are constructed from proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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Chloroplasts
\________ are photosynthesizing cells found in plants and algae.
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