Chapter 5 - Cell Organelles, Membranes, and Transport

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

________ are photosynthesizing cells found in plants and algae.

Vacuoles

________ offer turgor pressure and support to the plant cell by taking up space within the cell.

Bound

________ ribosomes are present on the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane in eukaryotes.

Bacteria

________ may also have additional genetic material outside of the chromosome, which is stored in little circular bits of DNA known as plasmids.

Proteins

________ synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum's free ribosomes are transported to the Golgi, where they are modified into their final shape and packaged into vesicles for transit throughout the cell.

prokaryotes

Both ________ and eukaryotes have free ribosomes in their cytoplasm.

Lysosomes

________ can aid in the digestion of macromolecules, the breakdown of worn- out cell components, the function of apoptosis, and the destruction of bacteria and viruses that have infiltrated the cell.

Ribosomes

________ are attached to the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which performs protein synthesis.

Genetic material

________, ribosomes, cytosol, and a plasma membrane are found in all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

Chaperonins

________ are proteins that aid in the folding of polypeptides into three- dimensional structures.

Chloroplasts

________ feature a smooth outer membrane and pancake- shaped membranous sacs called thylakoids, which are stacked to form grana (singular: granum)

Mitochondria

________ are organelles that generate energy for the cell.

surface area

The ________ accessible for energy generation during cellular respiration is increased by these folds on the inner membrane.

DNA

________ is packed into linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, which are housed in a membrane- bound nucleus.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The ________ lacks ribosomes and is involved in the production of lipids as well as the detoxification of toxic compounds in the cell.

matrix

The ________, an enzyme- containing fluid, is located in the middle of the mitochondria.

Golgi complex

The ________ (also known as the Golgi body) is a stack of flattened membrane sacs (called cisternae)

Eukaryotic cells

________ are found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Lysosomes

________ are membrane- bound sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes and are involved in a number of cell functions.

Ribosomes

________ are present in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells and are involved in protein synthesis.

Golgi complex

The ________ is frequently discovered near the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

genetic material

The ________ (DNA) in prokaryotes is a circular chromosome situated in the middle of the cell in an area known as the nucleoid region.

Chloroplasts

________ feature a smooth outer membrane and pancake- shaped membranous sacs called thylakoids, which are stacked to form grana (singular: granum)

mitochondria

The ________ have two membranes, one smooth on the outside and one folded on the inside.

Ribosomes

________ combine amino acids into polypeptide chains in accordance with the mRNA sequence during translation.

Golgi complex

The lumen is the inside of each cisterna and includes the enzymes required for the ________ to operate.

Ribosomes

________ are constructed from proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Chloroplasts

________ are photosynthesizing cells found in plants and algae.