PTCE Drug facts/list

tramadol

BRAND NAME: Ultram

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Pain management

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; oral solution; oral suspension; cream

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO q4-6h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; dyspepsia; nausea; xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; vertigo

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to tramadol, opioids, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients

citalopram

BRAND NAME: Celexa

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diaphoresis, nausea; xerostomia; drowsiness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (including angioedema, anaphylaxis) to citalopram or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either citalopram or the MAOI); initiation of citalopram in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; concomitant use with pimozide.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: escitalopram, CeleXA, Celebrex, Cerebyx, ZyPREXA

hydrochlorothiazide + losartan

BRAND NAME: Hyzaar

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker + thiazide diuretic combination

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Strength varies; generally 1 tablet q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; back pain; upper respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to losartan, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; anuria.

BOXED WARNING: Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue therapy as soon as possible.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

duloxetine

BRAND NAME: Cymbalta

DRUG CLASS: Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

DRUG USE: Fibromyalgia; generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder; musculoskeletal pain; neuropathic pain associated with diabetes mellitus

DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30- 60 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight loss; abnominal pain; decreased appetite; nausea; vomiting; xerostomia; drowsiness; fatigue; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing the MAOI); initiation of MAOIs intended to treat psychiatric disorders within 5 days of discontinuing duloxetine; initiation of duloxetine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behavior

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Dexilant, FLUoxetine, PARoxetine, Symbyax

tetracycline  

BRAND NAME: Sumycin

DRUG CLASS: Tetracycline antibiotic

DRUG USE: Acne vulgaris; actinomycosis; anthrax; campylobacter; cholera; clostridium; gram-negative infections; intestinal amebiasis; listeriosis; ophthalmic infections; relapsing fever, respiratory tract infections; Rickettsial infections; sexually transmitted infections; skin and soft tissue infections; urinary tract infection; Vincent infection; Yaws; zoonotic infections

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 gram divided twice daily or 250 mg PO q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide

BRAND NAME: Zestoretic; Prinzide

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) + thiazide diuretic combination

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 tablets PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; headache; fatigue; cough

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; idiopathic or hereditary angioedema; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril); anuria.

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

cetirizine

BRAND NAME: Zyrtec

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; urticaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; fatigue; headache; diarrhea; pharyngitis; dizziness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hepatic impairment; renal impairment.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: sertraline, stavudine

baclofen

BRAND NAME: Lioresal

DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant

DRUG USE: Spasticity

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; solution; oral granule; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: May be used with caution in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dose by patient; however, do not exceed 80 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; dizziness; weakness; nausea; confusion; hypotension; insomnia; edema; pruritis; constipation

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to baclofen or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

allopurinol

BRAND NAME: Zyloprim

DRUG CLASS: Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

DRUG USE: Gout; nephrolithiasis; tumor lysis syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited Human Data—No relevant animal data

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-600 mg/day divided q.d.-q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Rash; diarrhea; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Severe hypersensitivity reaction to allopurinol or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: zolpidem

ferrous sulfate

BRAND NAME: Feosol; Slow Fe

DRUG CLASS: Iron preparations

DRUG USE: Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; DR tablet; ER tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150-325 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Darkening of stools; abdominal pain; heartburn; nausea; constipation; flatulence; vomitin; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hemochromatosis; hemolytic anemia

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

epoetin alfa

BRAND NAME: Epogen; Procrit

DRUG CLASS: Colony stimulating factor

DRUG USE: Anemia; reduction of allogeneic RBC transfusion

DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-100 units/kg 3 times weekly

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; headache; pruritus; skin rash; nausea; vomiting; injection site pain; arthralgia; cough; fever

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious allergic reactions to epoetin alfa products or any component of the formulations; uncontrolled hypertension; pure red cell aplasia that begins after treatment with epoetin alfa or other epoetin protein drugs; multidose vials contain benzyl alcohol and are contraindicated in neonates, infants, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women.

BOXED WARNING: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) increase the risk of death, MI, stroke, VTE, thrombosis of vascular access, and tumor progression or recurrence.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

ondansetron

BRAND NAME: Zofran

DRUG CLASS: Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

DRUG USE: Nausea and/or vomiting

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT; oral solution; prefilled syringe; injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 4-8 mg PO/IV q8h p.r.n.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; fatigue; headache; malaise; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ondansetron or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with apomorphine.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

digoxin

BRAND NAME: Lanoxin

DRUG CLASS: Cardiac glyoside

DRUG USE: Atrial fibrillation; heart failure

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dose by patient weight and organ function; 10 mcg/kg

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Bradycardia; tachycardia; dizziness; headache; diarrhea; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to digoxin, other forms of digitalis, or any component of the formulation; ventricular fibrillation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: levothyroxine, naloxone

loratadine

BRAND NAME: Claritin

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis; urticaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; solution; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to loratadine or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Clairspray

conjugated estrogens

BRAND NAME: Premarin

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen derivative

DRUG USE: Breast cancer; osteoporosis; prostate cancer; secondary amenorrhea; hypoestrogenism; vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause; vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; vaginal cream; injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.3 to 0.625 mg q.d. administered cyclically

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; pain; abdominal pain; vaginal hemorrhage; mastalgia; arthralgia; pharyngitisl sinusitis, depression, dizziness, nervousness, prurutus, diarrheal flatulence; vaginitis; weakness; increased cough

CONTRAINDICATION: Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding; known, suspected, or history of breast cancer, except in appropriately selected patients being treated for metastatic disease; known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia; active DVT or PE, or a history of these conditions; active arterial thromboembolic disease (eg, stroke, MI) or a history of these conditions; hepatic dysfunction or disease; known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other known thrombophilic disorders; known or suspected pregnancy; known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema to conjugated estrogens.

BOXED WARNING: Endometrial cancer; cardiovascular disorders and probable dementia

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

dulaglutide

BRAND NAME: Trulicity

DRUG CLASS: GLP-1 agonist

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Pen-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.75-4.5 mg SC/week

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia, Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting, tachycardia; abdominal pain, constipation, decreased appetite, dyspepsia, fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to dulaglutide or any component of the formulation; personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2).

BOXED WARNING: Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Tanzeum, Toujeo, Tradenta, Tresiba

donepezil

BRAND NAME: Aricept; Aricept ODT

DRUG CLASS: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

DRUG USE: Alzheimer disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; erythema; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to donepezil, piperidine derivatives, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Aciphex, Azilect

finasteride

BRAND NAME: Proscar; Propecia

DRUG CLASS: 5-alpha reductase inhibitor

DRUG USE: Androgenetic alopecia; benign prostatic hyperplasia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Impotence; orthostatic hypotension; decreased libido; ejaculatory disorder

CONTRAINDICATION: Women and children; pregnancy

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Prograf, Provera

liraglutide

BRAND NAME: Saxenda; Victoza

DRUG CLASS: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; chronic weight management

DOSAGE FORM(S): Pen-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1.2-1.8 mg SC q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased heart rate; hypoglycemia; constipation; diarrhea; gastroenteritis; nausea; vomiting; headache; dizziness; fatigue; fever

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylactic reactions, angioedema) to liraglutide or any component of the formulation; history of or family history of MTC; patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2); pregnancy (Saxenda).

BOXED WARNING: Thyroid C-cell tumor risk

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

valsartan

BRAND NAME: Diovan

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

DRUG USE: Hypertension; heart failure; post-myocardial infarction

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80-320 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; increased blood urea nitrogen

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valsartan or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus.

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Darvon, Dioval, Zyban

hydrocodone + chlorpheniramine

BRAND NAME: Tussionex Pennkinetic

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic + histamine H1 antagonist combination

DRUG USE: Cough and upper respiratory tract symptoms

DOSAGE FORM(S): Oral suspension; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: II

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5 mL to 5 mL

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Chest tightness; agitation; anxiety; diaphoresis; erythema; urticaria; nausea; vomiting; dry throat; wheezing

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrocodone, chlorpheniramine, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients

rabeprazole

BRAND NAME: AcipHex

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: GERD; Heliobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions; peptic ulcer disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; diarrhea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to rabeprazole, other substituted benzimidazoles, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with rilpivirine-containing products.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ARIPiprazole

losartan

BRAND NAME: Cozaar

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

DRUG USE: Hypertension; diabetic proteinuric chronic kidney disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; hyperkalemia; hypoglycemia; cough; respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to losartan or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes.

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Colace, Zocor,

sitagliptin

BRAND NAME: Januvia

DRUG CLASS: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; nasophyaryngitis; diarrhea; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sitagliptin or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Enjuvia, Jantoven, Janumet, sAXagliptin, SUMAtriptan

amitriptyline

BRAND NAME: Elavil

DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-150 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; dizziness; constipation; blurred vision; palpitations; nausea; confusion; urinary retention; photosensitivity; tremor

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amitriptyline or any component of the formulation; coadministration with or within 14 days of MAOIs; coadministration with cisapride; acute recovery phase following myocardial infarction.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

testosterone

BRAND NAME: Androgel; Androderm; Axiron; Fortesta

DRUG CLASS: Androgen

DRUG USE: Male hypogonadism

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; cream; gel; transdermal patch; IM solution; injection solution; auto-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: III

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Application site reactions; acne; headache; hypertension

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to testosterone or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (males); prostate cancer (known or suspected); pregnancy; males with hypogonadal conditions that are not associated with structural or genetic etiologies (eg, age-related hypogonadism).

BOXED WARNING: Blood pressure increases

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

heparin

BRAND NAME: Heparin sodium

DRUG CLASS: Anticoagulant

DRUG USE: Anticoagulation

DOSAGE FORM(S): IV solution; injection solution; prefilled syringe

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage; 5,000 to 40,000 units over a period of time

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Vasospasm; alopecia; hyperkalmia; priapism; hemorrhage; deep vein thrombosis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to heparin or any component of the formulation (unless a life-threatening situation necessitates use and use of an alternative anticoagulant is not possible); severe thrombocytopenia; history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis; uncontrolled active bleeding (except when this is due to disseminated intravascular coagulation); not for use when appropriate blood coagulation tests cannot be obtained at appropriate intervals (applies to full-dose heparin only).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Hespan

pioglitazone

BRAND NAME: Actos

DRUG CLASS: Thiazolidinedione

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-45 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; hypoglycemia; upper respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Initiation in patients with established NYHA class III or IV heart failure; known hypersensitivity to pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, or any components of the formulations.

BOXED WARNING: Congestive heart failure

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Actonel

folic acid

BRAND NAME: Folvite

DRUG CLASS: Water-soluble vitamin

DRUG USE: Folate deficiency

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; malaise; erythema; pruritus; skin rash; bronchospasm

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to folic acid or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: folinic acid (leucovorin calcium)

fenofibrate

BRAND NAME: TriCor

DRUG CLASS: Fibrate

DRUG USE: Hypertriglyceridemia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-160 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abnormal liver function tests; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; dizziness; pain; arthralgia; limb pain; myalgia; nasopharyngitis; sinusitis; upper respiratory infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fenofibrate or fenofibric acid or any component of the formulation; active liver disease, including primary biliary cirrhosis and unexplained, persistent liver function abnormality; severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), including those receiving dialysis; preexisting gallbladder disease; breast-feeding.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Tracleer

fluconazole

BRAND NAME: Diflucan

DRUG CLASS: Antifungal agent

DRUG USE: Candidiasis; cryptoccal meningitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk (≥400 mg/day)

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-200 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; headache; rash; diarrhea; taste changes

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to finasteride or any component of the formulation; pregnancy or patients who may potentially be pregnant.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Diprivan

zolpidem

BRAND NAME: Ambien+A1:D75; Ambien CR

DRUG CLASS: Hypnotic

DRUG USE: Insomnia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.h.s.
ER: 6.25-12.5 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; drowsiness; dizziness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to zolpidem or any component of formulation; patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking zolpidem.

BOXED WARNING: Complex sleep behaviors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ambrisentan

ciprofloxacin

BRAND NAME: Cipro; Cipro XR

DRUG CLASS: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

DRUG USE: Bone and joint infection; gonorrhea; infectious diarrhea; inhalational anthrax; intra-abdominal infection; plague; pneumonia; prostatitis; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infection; typhoid fever; urinary tract infection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; oral suspension; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated (Use only if no other alternatives)

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250-750 mg PO q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Skin rash; abdominal pain; diarrhea; dypepsia; nausea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents, or any component of the formulation; coadministration with tizanidine.

BOXED WARNING: May increase risk of tendonitis and tendon ruptures esp. in populations over 60 years old; myasthenia gravis

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

clindamycin

BRAND NAME: Cleocin

DRUG CLASS: Lincosamide antibiotic

DRUG USE: Gynecological infections; intra-abdominal infections; lower respiratory tract infections; septicemia; skin and soft tissue infection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral solution; injection solution; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Avoid 1st trimester if possible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150 to 300 mg q6h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; itching; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: Risk of severe diarrhea and C diff infection

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

ezetimibe

BRAND NAME: Zetia

DRUG CLASS: Antilipemic agent

DRUG USE: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; familial hypercholesterolemia; homozygous sitosterolemia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: If lipid-lowering therapy during pregnancy is required, it should be individualized based on the therapeutic needs of the patient, considering the lifetime risk of untreated disease, and the known risks and benefits of available therapies (CCS [Pearson 2021])

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased serum transaminases; arthralgia; sinusitis; upper respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ezetimibe or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with a statin, fenofibrate, or other LDL-C lowering therapy when contraindications are present for such therapies.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Bextra, Zestril, Zebeta

tiotropium

BRAND NAME: Spiriva

DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic agent

DRUG USE: Asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Handihaler; respimat

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2 puffs q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Pharyngitis; xerostomia; sinusitis; upper respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, tiotropium, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Apidra, Inspra

amoxicillin

BRAND NAME: Amoxil; Trimox; Moxatag

DRUG CLASS: Penicillin antibiotic

DRUG USE: Ear, nose, and throat infection; helicobacter pylori eradicaton; lower respiratory tract infection; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infection; urinary tract infection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER tablet; chewable tablet; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250-500 mg q8h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to amoxicillin (eg, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) or to other beta-lactams, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

diltiazem

BRAND NAME: Cardizem; Cartia; Dilacor; Tiazac; Taztia

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina pectoris; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30-90 mg PO q.i.d. or 120-480 mg ER PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Braycardia, hypotension, edema, dyspepsia, fatigue; headache, pain, pharyngitis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diltiazem or any component of the formulation; sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); hypotension (systolic less than 90 mm Hg); acute myocardial infarction (MI) and pulmonary congestion.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: diazePAM

benazepril

BRAND NAME: Lotensin

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; fatigue; cough; hypotension; hyperkalemia; photosensitivity

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to benazepril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema (with or without prior ACE inhibitor therapy); concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril).

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Benadryl

furosemide

BRAND NAME: Lasix

DRUG CLASS: Loop diuretic

DRUG USE: Edema

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; injection solution; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-120 mg PO divided q.d.-b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; nausea; muscle cramps; hypokalemia; rash; hypomagnesemia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to furosemide or any component of the formulation; anuria.

BOXED WARNING: Furosemide is a potent diuretic that, if given in excessive amounts, can lead to a profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Luvox, Wakix

cyclobenzaprine

BRAND NAME: Flexeril

DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant

DRUG USE: Muscle spasm

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO t.i.d.
15 mg ER q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; unpleasant taste; fatigue; headache; irritability

CONTRAINDICATION: Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor or within 14 days of use; acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction and patients with arrhythmias, heart block, conduction disturbances, congestive heart failure or hyperthyroidism.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

enalapril

BRAND NAME: Vasotec

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Heart failure; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg divided q.d.-b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; cough; hypotension; photosensitivity

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to enalapril or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; hereditary or idiopathic angioedema; coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril).

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

spironolactone

BRAND NAME: Aldactone

DRUG CLASS: Potassium-sparing diuretic

DRUG USE: Ascites; heart failure; hypertension; primary hyperaldosteronism

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO/day divided q.d. and b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Gynecomastia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal cramps; diarrhea; headache; dizziness; confusion

CONTRAINDICATION: Hyperkalemia; Addison disease; concomitant use with eplerenone.

BOXED WARNING: May increase tumor risk

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

buspirone

BRAND NAME: BuSpar

DRUG CLASS: Antianxiety agent

DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-60 mg/day PO divided b.i.d./t.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; nausea; headache; nervousness; insomnia; hostitality; confusion

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to buspirone or any component of the formulation; concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat depression or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOIs intended to treat depression; concomitant use of MAOIs within 14 days of discontinuing buspirone; initiation of buspirone in patients receiving reversible MAOIs (eg, IV methylene blue).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: buPROPion

escitalopram

BRAND NAME: Lexapro

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; ejaculatory disorder; drowsiness; headache; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to escitalopram, citalopram, or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either escitalopram or the MAOI); initiation of escitalopram in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; concurrent use of pimozide.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: citalopram, Loxitane

insulin aspart

BRAND NAME: NovoLog

DRUG CLASS: Rapid-acting insulin

DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; pen-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC/IV b.i.d.-q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin aspart or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HumaLOG, NovoLIN

gemfibrozil

BRAND NAME: Lopid

DRUG CLASS: Fibric acid

DRUG USE: Hypertriglyceridemia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1200 mg two divided doses

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dyspepsia, fatigue; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil or any component of the formulation; hepatic or severe renal dysfunction; primary biliary cirrhosis; preexisting gallbladder disease; concurrent use with dasabuvir, repaglinide, selexipag, or simvastatin.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: gabapentin

ketoconazole

BRAND NAME: Nizoral; Nizoral A-D

DRUG CLASS: Antifungal

DRUG USE: Systemic fungal infections

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; cream; foam; shampoo; gel

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-400 PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; dizziness; nervousness; fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any component of the formulation; coadministration with dofetilide, quinidine, pimozide, cisapride, methadone, disopyramide, dronedarone, ergot alkaloids (eg, dihydroergotamine, ergometrine, ergotamine, methylergometrine), irinotecan, lurasidone, oral midazolam, alprazolam, triazolam, felodipine, nisoldipine, ranolazine, tolvaptan, eplerenone, lovastatin, simvastatin, or colchicine; acute or chronic liver disease.

BOXED WARNING: Appropriate use: not indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis, cutaneous dermatophyte infections, or Candida infections; use ketoconazol only when other effective antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks; hepatotoxicity; QT prolongation and drug interactions leading to QT prolongation

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

naproxen

BRAND NAME: Aleve; Naprosyn; EC-Naprosyn

DRUG CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory; dysmenorrhea; pain and/or fever

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; DR tablet; ER tablet; cream

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR/DR: 250-500 mg PO q12h ER 750-1000 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dyspepsia; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to naproxen (eg, anaphylactic reactions, serious skin reactions) or any component of the formulation; use in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft surgery; history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

BOXED WARNING: Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events; serious gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcerations, and perforation

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

methylphenidate

BRAND NAME: Concerta; Ritalin

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; transdermal patch; oral solution; oral suspension; chewable tablet; ER chewable tablet; ER ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: II

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Concerta: 18-54 mg
5, 10, 20, 40 mg

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased appetite; nausea; xerostomia; headache; insomnia; irritability

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to methylphenidate or any component of the formulation; use during or within 14 days following monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy.

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: methadone

ethinyl estradiol + levonorgestrel

BRAND NAME: Aviane; Falmina; Lessina; Amethyst; Portia; Seasonale; Jolessa; Levora

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination

DRUG USE: Contraception

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; transdermal patch

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight gain; nausea; dysmenorrhea; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive); hepatic tumors, acute viral hepatitis or severe (decompensated) cirrhosis; hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir; liver disease; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (patch only). Patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases including: cerebrovascular disease; coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus with any of the following: age >35 years, duration >20 years, hypertension, vascular disease, or other end-organ damage; deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of); hypercoagulopathies (inherited or acquired); hypertension (uncontrolled); hypertension with vascular disease; migraine headaches with any of the following: age >35 years, aura, or focal neurological symptoms; thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease or atrial fibrillation); smoking if >35 years of age.

BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

hydroxyzine

BRAND NAME: Vistaril

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist, first generation

DRUG USE: Anxiety; pruritus/urticaria; nausea/vomiting

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral syrup; IM solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO q4-6h p.r.n.
25-100 mg IM q4-6h p.r.n.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowiness; xerostomia; respiratory depression

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, or any component of the formulation; early pregnancy; prolonged QT interval.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydraALAZINE, hydroCHLOROthiazide, Hydrogesic, HYDROmorphone, hydroxyurea

hydrocortisone

BRAND NAME: Cortef; Cortizone; Hytone; Cortenema; Proctocort

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Adrenal insufficiency; allergic conditions; dermatoses; ulcerative colitis; respiratory diseases; rheumatic disorders

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; cream; ointment; lotion; gel; foam; suppository; enema; injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight gain; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; headache; dizziness; glucose intolerance

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component of the formulation; systemic fungal infections.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

norethindrone

BRAND NAME: Camila; Errin; Jolivette

DRUG CLASS: Progestin contraceptive

DRUG USE: Contraception

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contradicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.35 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Deep vein thrombosis; edema; pulmonary embolism; weight changes; nausea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Progestin-only oral contraceptives should not be used by women who currently have the following conditions: Known or suspected pregnancy; known or suspected carcinoma of the breast; undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding; hypersensitivity to any component of this product; benign or malignant liver tumors; acute liver disease.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

atomoxetine

BRAND NAME: Strattera

DRUG CLASS: Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

DRUG USE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80 mg/day divided q.d.-b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; abdominal pain; nausea; insomnia; fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to atomoxetine or any component of the formulation; use with or within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitors; narrow-angle glaucoma; current or history of pheochromocytoma; severe cardiac or vascular disorders in which the condition would be expected to deteriorate with clinically important increases in BP (eg, 15 to 20 mm Hg) or heart rate (eg, 20 beats/minute).

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal ideation in children and adolescents

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: atorvastain

budesonide + formoterol

BRAND NAME: Symbicort

DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist + corticosteroid combination

DRUG USE: Asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; aerosphere

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Budesonide: Compatible (inhaled/nasal)
No Human Data—Animal data suggest risk (oral)
Formoterol: Limited Human Data—Probably Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: MDI: 2 puffs b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nasopharyngitis; headache, vomiting; cough, abdominal distress, candidiasis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to budesonide, formoterol, or any component of the formulation(Ref); primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma or COPD where intensive measures are required (Breyna, Symbicort).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

nifedipine

BRAND NAME: Procardia; Procardia XL; Nifedical XL; Adalat CC

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; ER tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-20 mg PO t.i.d. or 30-90 mg ER PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; edema; heartburn; nausea; dizziness; headache; asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nifedipine or any component of the formulation(Ref); concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, rifampin) (ER Adalat only); cardiogenic shock (ER Adalat only).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: niCARdipine, niMODipine, Protain XL

carvedilol

BRAND NAME: Coreg, Coreg CR

DRUG CLASS: Antihypertensive; beta-blocker with alpha-blocking activity

DRUG USE: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 6.25-25 mg PO b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyperglycemia, weight gain, diarrhea, asthenia, dizziness, fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to carvedilol or any component of the formulation; decompensated cardiac failure requiring intravenous inotropic therapy; bronchial asthma or related bronchospastic conditions; second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, or severe bradycardia (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); cardiogenic shock; severe hepatic impairment.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

cefdinir

BRAND NAME: Omnicef

DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (3rd generation)

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); otitis media; pneumonia; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infections; streptococcal pharyngitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 7 mg/kg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; diarrhea; headache; abdominal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cefdinir, any component of the formulation, or other cephalosporins.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

budesonide, oral inhalation

BRAND NAME: Pulmicort Flexhaler; Pulmicort Respules

DRUG CLASS: Oral corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Asthma

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible (inhaled/nasal)
No human data—Animal data suggest risk (oral)

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: MDI: 2 puffs b.i.d.
AMP: 1 ampule q6h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nasopharyngitis; otitis media; candidiasis; vomiting; diarrhea; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any component of the formulation; severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins (Pulmicort Flexhaler); primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma requiring intensive measures.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

aripiprazole

BRAND NAME: Abilify

DRUG CLASS: Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; autistic disorder irritability; major depressive disorder; schizophrenia; Tourette disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Oral solution; oral tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-15 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; weight gain; anxiety; insomnia; nausea; blurred vision; lightheadedness; dizziness; tremor; dyslipidemia; compulsive behaviors

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, pruritus, urticaria) to aripiprazole or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis; suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: RABEprazole or proton pump inhibitors

colchicine

BRAND NAME: Colcrys

DRUG CLASS: Antigout agent

DRUG USE: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; familial Mediterranean fever; gout flares

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.6 mg PO q.d./b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; myalgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Concomitant use of a P-gp inhibitor or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor in presence of renal or hepatic impairment.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Cortrosyn

raloxifene

BRAND NAME: Evista

DRUG CLASS: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

DRUG USE: Osteoporosis; risk reduction for invasive breast cancer

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 60 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; hot flash; infection; arthralgia; leg cramps; muscle spasm; flu-like symptoms

CONTRAINDICATION: History of or current venous thromboembolic disorders (including deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], and retinal vein thrombosis); pregnancy.

BOXED WARNING: Increased risk of VTE and death from stroke

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: AVINza

hydrochlorothiazide

BRAND NAME: Microzide; Esidrix

DRUG CLASS: Thiazide diuretic

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 12.5-50 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; alopecia; skin rash; urticaria; hypomagnesemia; abdominal cramps; anorexia; constipations; diarrhea; gastric irration; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; headache; muscle spasm

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide, any component of the formulation, or sulfonamide-derived drugs; anuria.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydraALAZINE, hydrOXYzine, hydroxychloroquine, Microzide, Maxzide, Micronase

pravastatin

BRAND NAME: Pravachol

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated—1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Musculoskeletal pain; upper respiratory tract infection; cough

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to pravastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

isosorbide mononitrate

BRAND NAME: Imdur

DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator

DRUG USE: Angina pectoris prevention

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg b.i.d. or 30-120 mg ER q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to isosorbide mononitrate, other nitrates or nitrites, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil) or riociguat.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

thyroid

BRAND NAME: Armour Thyroid

DRUG CLASS: Thyroid product

DRUG USE: Hypothyroidism

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Palpitations; nervousness; tremor; diarrhea; insomnia; fever; alopecia; heat intolerance; nausea; rash; diaphoresis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation; untreated thyrotoxicosis; uncorrected adrenal insufficiency.

BOXED WARNING: Drugs with thyroid hormone activity, alone or with other therapeutic agents, have been used for the treatment of obesity; in euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction; larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

acyclovir

BRAND NAME: Sitavig; Zovirax

DRUG CLASS: Antiviral

DRUG USE: Herpes simplex virus (genital); herpes zoster (shingles); varicella (chickenpox)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral suspension; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Genital herpes: 200 mg five times a day for 10 days
Chickenpox: 800 mg q.i.d.
Shingles: 800 mg five times a day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; headache; vomiting; dizziness; fatigue; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to acyclovir, valacyclovir, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Doribax, Zostrix, Zybox

diazepam

BRAND NAME: Valium

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome; anxiety; muscle spasm, spasiticy and/or rigidity; seizures

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution; buccal film; nasal liquid; rectal gel; injection solution; auto-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2-10 mg PO b.i.d.-q.i.d. or 5-10 mg IM/IV Q 3-4 hours

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; hypotension; vasodilation; skin rash; abdominal pain; diarrhea; dysgeusia; hiccups; ataxia; dizziness; euphoria; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diazepam or any component of the formulation; acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: dilTIAZem

valacyclovir

BRAND NAME: Valtrex

DRUG CLASS: Antiviral agent

DRUG USE: Cold sores; genital herpes; herpes zoster; varicella

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-1000 mg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; headache; nasopharyngitis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valacyclovir, acyclovir, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: valGANcyclovir, Valcyte

carbamazepine

BRAND NAME: Tegretol

DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent; antiseizure agent

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures; neuropathic pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo-fetal risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 800-1200 mg/day divided b.i.d./q.i.d.
ER: 400-600 mg b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; constipation; skin problems; speech disturbance

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to TCAs; MOA inhibitor use; bone marrow depression; avoid abrupt withdrawal.

BOXED WARNING: Serious dermatologic reactions and HLA-B*1502 allele; aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: OXcarbazepine, Tequin, Trental

atorvastatin

BRAND NAME: Lipitor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; arthralgia; nasopharyngitis; nausea; UTI; insomnia; limb pain; myalgia; pharyngolaryngeal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, erythema multiforme, Steven Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) to atorvastatin or any component of the formulation; acute liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: atomoxetine, Loniten ZyrTEC

albuterol + ipratropium

BRAND NAME: Combivent Respimat; DuoNeb

DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist + bronchodilator combination

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer ampules

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Albuterol: Compatible
Ipratropium: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Solution: one 3 mL vial administered q.i.d. via nebulizater
Inhalation aerosol: one inhalation orally q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cough, pharyngitis; chest discomfort

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, albuterol, atropine (and its derivatives) or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

lovastatin

BRAND NAME: Mevacor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Dyslipidemia; hyperlididemia; prevention of atheroscleroic cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.p.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Infection; increased creatine phosphokinase; constipation; diarrhea; flatuence; headache; pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to lovastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis; coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and erythromycin.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Benicar

memantine

BRAND NAME: Namenda; Namenda XR

DRUG CLASS: N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist

DRUG USE: Alzheimer disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 10 mg PO b.i.d.
ER 28 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; weight gain; constipation; diarrhea; vomiting; anxiety; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; cough

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to memantine or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: methadone

hydroxychloroquine

BRAND NAME: Plaquenil

DRUG CLASS: Antimalarial agent; antirheumatic

DRUG USE: Lupus; rheumatoid arthritis; malaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-400 mg q.d.- b.i.d.
Take with food or milk

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; ataxia; headache; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; vision changes, sick sinus syndrome; weight loss; bronchospasm

CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine, 4-aminoquinoline derivatives, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydroxychloroquine

verapamil

BRAND NAME: Verelan; Verelan PM; Calan; Calan SR

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter rate control; hypertension; supraventricular tachycardia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80-120 mg PO t.i.d. or 180 mg ER PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to verapamil or any component of the formulation; severe left ventricular dysfunction; hypotension (systolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg) or cardiogenic shock; sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker); second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker); atrial flutter or fibrillation and an accessory bypass tract (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

ethinyl estradiol + etonogestrel

BRAND NAME: NuvaRing; EluRyng; Haloette

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination

DRUG USE: Contraception

DOSAGE FORM(S): Vaginal ring

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 ring vaginally every 3 weeks

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Intermenstrual bleeding; vaginitis; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, to ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormone sensitive); hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease; pregnancy; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concurrent use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases, including cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of), headaches with focal neurological symptoms, migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35 years of age, hypertension (uncontrolled), thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, atrial fibrillation), patients >35 years of age who smoke, inherited or acquired hypercoagulopathies.

BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

rizatriptan

BRAND NAME: Maxalt; Maxalt MLT

DRUG CLASS: Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D receptor agonist

DRUG USE: Migraine

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO p.r.n. migraine

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Blood pressure changes; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; malaise; asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to rizatriptan or any component of the formulation; ischemic coronary artery disease (eg, angina pectoris, history of MI, or documented silent ischemia) or other significant underlying cardiovascular disease; coronary artery vasospasm (including Prinzmetal angina); history of stroke or transient ischemic attack; peripheral vascular disease; ischemic bowel disease; uncontrolled hypertension; during or within 24 hours of treatment with another 5-HT1 agonist, or an ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medication (eg, methysergide, dihydroergotamine); hemiplegic migraine or migraine with brainstem aura; during or within 2 weeks of monoamine oxidase inhibitor use; concurrent with propranolol (oral film only) Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

metformin

BRAND NAME: Glucophage; Glucophage XR

DRUG CLASS: Biguanide

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-1000 mg PO b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; flatulence

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to metformin or any component of the formulation; severe renal dysfunction (eGFR)

nitrofurantoin  

BRAND NAME: Furadantin; Macrobid; Macrodantin

DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic

DRUG USE: Cystitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flatulence; nausea; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to the drug or any component of the formulation; anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function (CrCl)

haloperidol

BRAND NAME: Haldol

DRUG CLASS: First generation (typical) antipsychotic

DRUG USE: Behavioral disorders; hyperactivity; schizophrenia; Tourette syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral concentrate; injection solution; IM solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; constipation; drowsiness; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to haloperidol or any component of the formulation; Parkinson disease; severe CNS depression; coma; dementia with Lewy bodies.

BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia related psychosis

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

amphetamine + dextroamphetamine

BRAND NAME: Adderall; Adderall XR

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: II

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine: Human and animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO divided q.d.-t.i.d.
ER: 20 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Anorexia; insomnia; headache; emotional lability; anxiety; agitation; nervousness; diarrhea; tachycardia; visual disturbance; photosensitivity

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to amphetamine or any component of the formulation; during or within 14 days following monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (including MAOIs such as linezolid or IV methylene blue).

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Inderall

montelukast

BRAND NAME: Singulair

DRUG CLASS: Leukotriene-receptor antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; asthma; bronchoconstriction

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; cough; diarrhea; nausea; dyspepsia; rash; anxiety; abdominal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to montelukast or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: Serious neuropsychiatric events

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

hydrochlorothiazide + triamterene

BRAND NAME: Dyazide; Maxzide

DRUG CLASS: Potassium-sparing diuretic + thiazide diuretic combination

DRUG USE: Hypertension; edema

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 tablets or capsules PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Arrhythmia; orthostatic hypotension; skin rash; urticaria; acidosis; diabetes mellitus; hypercalcemia; hyperglycemia; hyperkalemia; hyperuricemia; hypochloremia; hypokalemia; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; pancreatitis; sialadenitis; vomiting; xerostomia; glycosuria; impotence; urine sedimentation abnormality; leukopenia; megaloblastic anemia; purpuric disease; thrombocytopenia; jaundice; liver enzyme disorder; anaphylaxis; asthenia; dizziness; fatigue; headache; Lupus-like syndrome (subacute cutaneous); muscle cramps
Renal: Acute kidney injury; increased blood urea nitrogen; increased serum creatinine; interstitial nephritis; nephrolithiasis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; anuria; acute and chronic renal insufficiency or significant renal impairment; patients receiving other potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium-containing salt substitute, or potassium supplements (except in severe cases of hypokalemia); preexisting hyperkalemia.

BOXED WARNING: Hyperkalemia

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

simvastatin

BRAND NAME: Zocor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO QPM

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Upper respiratory infection; headache; abdominal pain; constipation; gastritis; atrial fibrillation; vertigo, myalgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to simvastatin or any component of the formulation; acute liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis; concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (select azole antifungals [eg, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, select macrolide antibiotics [eg, erythromycin and clarithromycin], select HIV protease inhibitors [eg, nelfinavir, ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir], select hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors [eg, boceprevir, telaprevir], cobicistat-containing products, and nefazodone), cyclosporine, danazol, or gemfibrozil.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Cozaar, ZyrTEC

meclizine

BRAND NAME: Antivert

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Motion sickness; vertigo

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg per day in divided doses

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Vomiting; anaphylaxis; drowsiness; fatigue; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to meclizine or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Axert

divalproex

BRAND NAME: Depakote; Depakote ER

DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent; antiseizure agent

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; focal (partial) onset and generalized onset seizures; migraine

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR tablet; DR capsule; ER tablet; IV solution; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: DR: Individual PO b.i.d.-t.i.d.
ER: Individual PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Alopecia; abdominal pain; anorexia; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; thrombocytopenia; asthenia; dizzinessl headache; insomnia; nervousness; pain; tremor; diplopia; visual disturbance; flu like symptoms

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valproic acid, divalproex, derivatives, or any component of the formulation; hepatic disease or significant impairment; urea cycle disorders; prevention of migraine in pregnant women and women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception; known mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA POLG (eg, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome) and children younger than 2 years who are suspected of having a POLG-related disorder.

BOXED WARNING: Hepatotoxicity; patients with mitochondrial disease; fetal risk; pancreatitis

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

sertraline

BRAND NAME: Zoloft

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsion disorder (OCD); panic disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; social anxiety disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral concentrate

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-200 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; diarrhea; drowiness; fatigue; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) including methylene blue (concurrently or within 14 days of stopping an MAOI or sertraline); concurrent use with pimozide; hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sertraline or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with disulfiram (oral solution only).

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: cetirizine, Soriatane

cefuroxime

BRAND NAME: Ceftin

DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (2nd generation)

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Lyme disease; otitis media; sinusitis; skin and skin-structure infections; streptococcal pharyngitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution; injection solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250 or 500 mg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; unpleasant taste

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cefuroxime, any component of the formulation, or other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: sulfaSALAzine

doxazosin

BRAND NAME: Cardura; Cardura XL

DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker

DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hypertrophy; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-16 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; fatigue; malaise; vertigo; asthenia; drowsiness; headache; respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to doxazosin, other quinazolines (eg, prazosin, terazosin), or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

brimonidine ophthalmic

BRAND NAME: Alphagan P; Lumify

DRUG CLASS: Alpha2 agonist

DRUG USE: Elevated intraocular pressure; ocular redness

DOSAGE FORM(S): Ophthalmic solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: May be used in pregnancy

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 gtt in affected eye(s) t.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Conjunctivitis; ocular burning; visual disturbance

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to brimonidine or any component of the formulation; neonates and infants younger than 2 years; concomitant monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

albuterol  

BRAND NAME: ProAir RespiClick; Ventolin HFA; Proventil HFA

DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist

DRUG USE: Bronchospasm; exercise-induced bronchospasm

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer ampules

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 puffs q4-6h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nervousness; tremor; exacerbation of asthma; pharyngitis; tachycardia; dizziness; increased serum glucose; nausea; throat irritation; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to albuterol or any component of the formulation; severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

rosuvastatin

BRAND NAME: Crestor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Myalgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, pruritus, rash, urticaria) to rosuvastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

glimepiride

BRAND NAME: Amaryl

DRUG CLASS: Sulfonylurea

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; dizziness; nausea; flu-like symptoms

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to glimepiride, any component of the formulation, or sulfonamides.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Reminyl

levocetirizine

BRAND NAME: Xyzal

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; urticaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-5 mg PO q.p.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; drowsiness; fatigue; constipation; vomiting; nasopharyngitis

CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine, cetirizine, or any component of the formulation; end-stage renal disease (CrCl less than 10 mL/min); patients undergoing hemodialysis; children 6 months to 11 years of age with renal impairment.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

acetaminophen + codeine

BRAND NAME: Tylenol with Codeine

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic combination

DRUG USE: Mild to moderate pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: III

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: If opioid use is required for an extended period of time in a pregnant person, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Ensure that management by neonatology experts will be available at delivery

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: No more than 4 g of acetaminophen/360 mg of codeine per day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hepatotoxicity (if intentional or unintentional acetaminophen overdose occurs); respiratory depression; opioid dependence; skin rash; abdominal pain; dizziness; drowsiness

CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use with other drug products containing acetaminophen or if allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients. Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to acetaminophen, codeine, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients

esomeprazole

BRAND NAME: Nexium

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: Upper GI bleed; GERD; Heliobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions; risk reduction of NSAID-associated gastric ulcer

DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule; DR tablet; packet; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; abdominal pain; diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; flatulence; dizziness; xerostomia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to esomeprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: NexAVAR

labetalol

BRAND NAME: Trandate

DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker with alpha-blocking activity

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution; IV prefilled syringe

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-400 mg PO b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; nausea; hypotension

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to labetalol or any component of the formulation; bronchial asthma or obstructive airway disease; decompensated heart failure; heart block greater than first degree; cardiogenic shock; severe bradycardia; nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: laMICtal, lamoTRIgine

phenytoin

BRAND NAME: Dilantin

DRUG CLASS: Antiseizure agent

DRUG USE: Seizure management

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; injection solution; oral suspension; chewable tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit and embryo–fetal risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg PO t.i.d.; adjust to individual needs

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; headache; vertigo

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to phenytoin, other hydantoins, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use of delavirdine; history of prior acute hepatotoxicity attributable to phenytoin.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A