B2.2 Organelles and Cell Compartmentalisation

draw and label a mitochondria

intermembrane space

a spall space that allows a concentration gradient to develop which drives ATP synthesis

matrix

allows for compartmentalization of enzymes and substrates needed for Krebs cycle

cristae

foldings of inner membrane of mitochondria

what is the function of cristae

increase surface area to accommodate the enzymes and proteins needed for ATP synthesis

what is the function of mitochondria

site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP

what is the function of chloroplast

site of photosynthesis

stroma

contains all the substrates and enzymes for Calvin cycle

thylakoids

small fluid volume that allows for concentration gradient to develop to drive ATP synthesis

thylakoid membrane

contain light absorbing pigments and enzymes organized in photosynthesis

draw and label a chloroplast

what is the function of the nucleus

contains almost all of the cells' genetic material

what is the function of the membrane of the nucleus

protect the DNA from the rest of the cell

what does the membrane of the nucleus contribute to the gene expression

the membranes allow for the regulation of gene expression in the cell in response to the environment

what is the function of the nuclear pore

allows transport of molecules to and from cytoplasm

how are the nuclear pores lined

they are lined with integral proteins which control whether or not a substance can pass through

what is the function of the nuclear envelope

breaks down during mitosis and meiosis and reassembles after

what can nuclear envelope break down into

vesicle during cell division and reassemble around the two new nuclei after

what is the function of ribosomes

make polypeptides using mRNA (build proteins)

what are the two types of ribosomes

free ribosomes and bound ribosomes

where are bound ribosomes found

RER

where are free ribosomes found

cytoplasm

how do bound ribosomes make protein

mRNA contains a signal sequence that designates it to be translated into polypeptides at the RER and then exported outside of the cell

how do free ribosomes make protein

proteins produced remain inside the cell's cytoplasm and are used in the cell

what is the function of the golgi apparatus

it processes and secretes protein

how are proteins transported

proteins made in RER are transported via vesicles to the golgi apparatus

how are proteins sorted

enzymes in the cristernae modify and sort the proteins to their final destination

what are the main functions of vesicles

transport and storage of materials

what is the main function of transport vesicle

move substances from one part of the cell to another

what is the function of secretory vesicles

store or transport molecules to be secreated out of the cell

what is the function of lysosome

contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down macromolecules

what is the function of peroxisomes

detoxification of harmful compounds

what are the four types of vesicles

secretory, transport, peroxisomes, lysosomes

what is clathrin

a protein that aids in the formation of vesicles

what is the function of clathrin

it brings together the cytoskeleton and other proteins needed to create from the plasma membrane or membranes of intercellular organelles