Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration Cell Review :)

What is released from ATP when a phosphate group is split off?

Energy

What is a granum?

A stack of thylakoids suspended in the stroma of a chloroplast.

What happens to a plant's production of high-energy sugars if carbon dioxide is removed from its environment?

No sugars will be produced.

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if the intensity of light is increased?

The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.

What does photosynthesis require?

Light, water, carbon dioxide, and temperature.

What colors are the pigments found in a typical plant cell's chloroplasts?

Green, orange, and red.

Why do thylakoids appear green?

Because they contain chlorophyll.

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when the weather becomes very cold?

It decreases.

Why do most plants appear green?

Because chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light but reflects green light.

How do heterotrophs obtain energy?

By consuming other living things.

What is ATP?

A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes.

What are autotrophs?

Organisms that can use a source of energy such as sunlight to produce their own food.

What are heterotrophs?

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and must rely on the foods they ingest for energy.

How do heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their survival?

Heterotrophs depend on autotrophs to obtain energy from the sun, which is passed on in the form of food.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O [ Light Energy → ] C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

What are the stages of cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration requires oxygen and a food molecule, producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen.

What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?

Glucose.

What is one cause of muscle soreness?

Lactic acid.

Which process is used to produce beer and wine?

Alcoholic fermentation.

Why do you breathe heavily after running a race?

To repay oxygen debt.

Which process does NOT release energy from glucose?

Photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to what?

Mitochondria.

Cellular respiration occurs only in the presence of what?

Oxygen.

What does a high level of lactic acid in the blood indicate?

Lactic acid fermentation has occurred.

What is glycolysis?

The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules.

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

Lactic acid.

What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Where does lactic acid fermentation occur?

In muscle cells.

Where does alcoholic fermentation occur?

In the cytoplasm of cells

What’s the blue part of the ADP molecule called?

Adenine

What’s the orange part of the ADP molecule called?

3 Phosphate Groups

What’s the green part of the ADP molecule called?

Ribose

What are the three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Light Intensity, Carbon Dioxide Concentration, and Temperature

How does light energy affect the rate of photosynthesis?

As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis initially increases and then levels off when the maximum rate is reached.

How does Carbon Dioxide Concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Higher concentrations of Carbon Dioxide can increase the rate of photosynthesis up to a certain point.

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is an enzyme-driven process, and enzymes are sensitive to temperature. The rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature up to an optimum level, beyond which it decreases due to enzyme denaturation.

What are the states of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis (stage 1), the Krebs cycle, AKA the citric acid cycle (stage 2), and electron transport