Cultural Tensions and the Rise of Alexander the Great

Athens

City-state valuing art, culture, and education.

Battle of Chaeronea

Macedonian victory over Greek city-states.

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta.

Truce

Agreement to cease hostilities between Athens and Sparta.

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia who conquered Persia.

Hellenization

Spread of Greek culture after Alexander's conquests.

Burning of Persepolis

Destruction of Persian capital by Alexander.

Sparta

City-state focused on military strength and simplicity.

Delian League

Alliance led by Athens for mutual protection.

Peloponnesian League

Alliance led by Sparta for security.

Pericles

Athenian leader during the Peloponnesian War.

Navy

Athens had a stronger naval force.

Army

Sparta had a superior land military.

Plague of Athens

Disease that killed 1/3 of Athenian population.

Macedonia

Region north of Greece with powerful kings.

Philip II

Macedonian king who aimed to invade Persia.

Hellespont

Strait crossed by Alexander to invade Persia.

Granicus River

Site of Alexander's first battle against Persia.

Library of Alexandria

Cultural hub established by Alexander in Egypt.

Cultural diffusion

Spread of Greek ideas through conquests.

Forced Assimilation

Involuntary cultural integration of minorities.

Alexandria

City founded by Alexander, known for its library.

Persian Empire

Fell to Alexander after multiple defeats.