IGCSE Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century

These flashcards cover key concepts and details from the lecture notes on imperialism in the nineteenth century, including motives, methods, and consequences of imperialism.

What is imperialism according to the lecture?

Imperialism is the exploitation of natural or human resources in one area by a more powerful country.

What were the primary motives behind European and American imperialism in the nineteenth century?

Economic interests, military and geopolitical strategies, religious and cultural aspirations, and beliefs in their own superiority drove imperialism.

How did the French model of colonial rule differ from the British model?

The French employed a policy of assimilation and direct rule, whereas the British used indirect rule, allowing local rulers to maintain some authority.

What significant event in India was a direct consequence of British rule and led to major changes in governance?

The Indian Mutiny of 1857 resulted in the abolition of the East India Company and the establishment of direct British governance over India.

What was the impact of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 on Africa?

The Berlin Conference was held to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa and resulted in the allocation of African territories among European powers without consideration for indigenous populations.

What were the key features of Belgian imperialism in the Congo during King Leopold II's rule?

Leopold II's rule was marked by private ownership of the territory, brutal exploitation, forced labor, and wealth accumulation through the extraction of resources.

What was the Dual Mandate as described in the context of British colonial rule?

The Dual Mandate suggested that colonial powers should govern for the benefit of both the colonizers and the indigenous populations.

What was the response of the U.S. to the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain in 1898?

The U.S. intervened in the Cuban struggle, leading to the Spanish-American War, and subsequently established control over Cuba through the Platt Amendment.

How did the Philippines come under U.S. control after the Spanish-American War?

Following the war, the U.S. established a civil government, leading to significant resistance from Filipino guerrilla fighters, which culminated in the Philippine-American War.

What was one major consequence of the Indian Mutiny of 1857 for British rule in India?

The Indian Mutiny led to the transfer of power from the East India Company to direct British Crown rule.