QU - SOCY 122 Fall Midterm

The process of photosynthesis occurs primarily in __________.

chloroplasts

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of __________.

oxygen

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP, is the __________.

mitochondria

The basic unit of life is called a __________.

cell

In genetics, the observable traits of an organism are referred to as its __________.

phenotype

The transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring occurs through __________.

DNA

In an ecosystem, __________ are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.

autotrophs

The __________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms.

metabolism

A __________ is a large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region.

biome

An organism that cannot produce its own food and feeds on other organisms is known as a __________.

heterotroph

The __________ is a type of enzyme that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

catalyst

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called __________.

osmosis

The __________ is the genetic material found in all living organisms.

DNA

In ecology, a __________ is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area.

population

__________ are the layers of soil and rock that store water underground.

Aquifers

The __________ theory explains how species evolve over time through natural selection.

evolution

A __________ is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

phylogenetic tree

__________ is the process by which cells generate energy in the absence of oxygen.

fermentation

The __________ is a protective layer that covers the surface of plants to prevent water loss.

cuticle

Exchange of gases in plants occurs through small openings called __________.

stomata

__________ are organisms that decompose organic material and recycle nutrients back into the system.

detritivores

The __________ kingdom includes multicellular heterotrophs that obtain nutrients through ingestion.

Animalia

__________ are the building blocks of proteins.

Amino acids

A __________ is a biotic factor that can influence the size of a population in an ecosystem.

predator

In terms of biodiversity, __________ refers to the variety of species present in an ecosystem.

species richness

The __________ is a cycle that moves carbon through the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

carbon cycle

Plants that have adapted to arid conditions often exhibit __________ characteristics to conserve water.

xerophytic

A __________ is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water scarcity.

drought

The cells of __________ are characterized by a lack of nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

prokaryotes

Photosynthetic organisms absorb light energy using __________ pigments.

chlorophyll

An __________ is a stable community of organisms that results from ecological succession.

climax community

__________ is the variety of life forms in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

biodiversity

An __________ is any change in the genetic structure of a population.

evolutionary change

The __________ represents the genetic makeup of an organism.

genotype

Symbiotic relationships where both species benefit are known as __________.

mutualism

Organisms that have backbone are classified as __________ animals.

vertebrate

Biomes are primarily determined by __________ and biotic factors.

climate

The function of ribosomes in a cell is to synthesize __________.

proteins

In the scientific method, a __________ is a testable prediction about the relationship between two variables.

hypothesis

The __________ of an ecosystem includes all living and non-living components that interact with each other.

environment

In plants, xylem tissue is responsible for transporting __________.

water

__________ is the phenomenon where species adapt to their environment over generations.

natural selection

The study of interactions among organisms and their environment is called __________.

ecology

A __________ is a graphical representation that organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories based on their characteristics.

taxonomic key