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The process of photosynthesis occurs primarily in __________.
chloroplasts
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of __________.
oxygen
The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP, is the __________.
mitochondria
The basic unit of life is called a __________.
cell
In genetics, the observable traits of an organism are referred to as its __________.
phenotype
The transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring occurs through __________.
DNA
In an ecosystem, __________ are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.
autotrophs
The __________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms.
metabolism
A __________ is a large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region.
biome
An organism that cannot produce its own food and feeds on other organisms is known as a __________.
heterotroph
The __________ is a type of enzyme that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
catalyst
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called __________.
osmosis
The __________ is the genetic material found in all living organisms.
DNA
In ecology, a __________ is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area.
population
__________ are the layers of soil and rock that store water underground.
Aquifers
The __________ theory explains how species evolve over time through natural selection.
evolution
A __________ is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.
phylogenetic tree
__________ is the process by which cells generate energy in the absence of oxygen.
fermentation
The __________ is a protective layer that covers the surface of plants to prevent water loss.
cuticle
Exchange of gases in plants occurs through small openings called __________.
stomata
__________ are organisms that decompose organic material and recycle nutrients back into the system.
detritivores
The __________ kingdom includes multicellular heterotrophs that obtain nutrients through ingestion.
Animalia
__________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
A __________ is a biotic factor that can influence the size of a population in an ecosystem.
predator
In terms of biodiversity, __________ refers to the variety of species present in an ecosystem.
species richness
The __________ is a cycle that moves carbon through the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.
carbon cycle
Plants that have adapted to arid conditions often exhibit __________ characteristics to conserve water.
xerophytic
A __________ is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water scarcity.
drought
The cells of __________ are characterized by a lack of nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
prokaryotes
Photosynthetic organisms absorb light energy using __________ pigments.
chlorophyll
An __________ is a stable community of organisms that results from ecological succession.
climax community
__________ is the variety of life forms in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
biodiversity
An __________ is any change in the genetic structure of a population.
evolutionary change
The __________ represents the genetic makeup of an organism.
genotype
Symbiotic relationships where both species benefit are known as __________.
mutualism
Organisms that have backbone are classified as __________ animals.
vertebrate
Biomes are primarily determined by __________ and biotic factors.
climate
The function of ribosomes in a cell is to synthesize __________.
proteins
In the scientific method, a __________ is a testable prediction about the relationship between two variables.
hypothesis
The __________ of an ecosystem includes all living and non-living components that interact with each other.
environment
In plants, xylem tissue is responsible for transporting __________.
water
__________ is the phenomenon where species adapt to their environment over generations.
natural selection
The study of interactions among organisms and their environment is called __________.
ecology
A __________ is a graphical representation that organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories based on their characteristics.
taxonomic key
