Chapter 1: Introduction of OOP in Java (copy)

Simula programming language

Fundamental object-oriented concepts were first introduced via the class construct in the _____ in the 1960s.

Smalltalk-80

the programming technique was only accepted with the advent of _____ more than a decade later.

procedural

The _____ approach to programming was the de facto approach in the early days of programming.

Here, code is modularized based on a system’s processes.

easy to maintain and modify existing code

One reason to use Object-oriented Programming is because it makes it _____ as new objects are created inheriting characteristics from existing ones (SEH, 2013). This cuts down the development time considerably and makes adjusting the program much simpler.

inline programming

Procedural Programming, which at times has been referred to as ____

Procedural Programming

takes a more top-down approach to programming.

Procedural Programming

takes on applications by solving problems from the top of the code down to the bottom.

Object-oriented Programming

uses classes and objects

Procedural

can be defined as a programming model which is derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of calling procedure.

routines, subroutines, functions

Procedures are also known as _____, _____, or _____

Procedures

simply consist of a series of computational steps to be carried out.

program’s execution

During a _____, any given procedure might be called at any point, including by other procedures or itself.

edit every line

The issue to that is obvious in Procedural Programming is that if an edit is needed to the program, the developer must ____ of code that corresponds to the original change in the code.

procedural prog

code is divided into modules or functions

oop

code is made up of classes and objects

procedural prog

top down approach

oop

bottom up approach

procedural prog

difficult to modify/manage

oop

easy to modify/manage

procedural prog

main function calls other functions

oop

objects communicate by passing messages

procedural prog

data is not secured

oop

data is secure

procedural prog

less reusability of code

oop

more reusability of code

procedural prog

less flexibility and abstraction

oop

more flexibility and abstraction

Encapsulation

The implementation and state of each object are privately held inside a defined boundary, or class.

Encapsulation

Other objects do not have access to this class or the authority to make changes but are only able to call a list of public functions, or methods.

Encapsulation

This characteristic of data hiding provides greater program security and avoids unintended data corruption.

Abstraction

Objects only reveal internal mechanisms that are relevant for the use of other objects, hiding any unnecessary implementation code.

This concept helps developers more easily make changes and additions over time.

Inheritance

Relationships and subclasses between objects can be assigned, allowing developers to reuse a common logic while still maintaining a unique hierarchy.

Inheritance

This property of OOP forces a more thorough data analysis, reduces development time and ensures a higher level of accuracy.

Polymorphism

Objects can take on more than one form depending on the context.

Polymorphism

The program will determine which meaning or usage is necessary for each execution of that object, cutting down the need to duplicate code.

fortran,
algol,
cobol,
c,
basic,
pascal

6 languages used in procedural

java,
c++,
c#,
python,
php,
javascript,
ruby,
perl,
objective-c,
dart,
swift,
scala

12 languages used in oop

Data Modeling

The first step in OOP is to collect all of the objects a programmer wants to manipulate and identify how they relate to each other

Classes

are user-defined data types that act as the blueprint for individual objects, attributes and methods.

class

is a blueprint or prototype that defines the variables and the methods (functions) common to all objects of a certain kind.

Objects

are instances of a class created with specifically defined data.

Objects

can correspond to real-world objects or an abstract entity.

object

is a specimen of a class.

object

Software _____ are often used to model real-world objects you find in everyday life.

description

When class is defined initially, the _____ is the only object that is defined.

Attributes

are defined in the class template and represent the state of an object

attributes field

Objects will have data stored in the _____.

Class attributes

belong to the class itself.

Methods

are functions that are defined inside a class that describe the behaviors of an object.

reference

Each method contained in class definitions starts with a ____ to an instance object.

instance methods

subroutines contained in an object

methods

Programmers use _____ for reusability or keeping functionality encapsulated inside one object at a time.