Science Test Matter

What are two examples of physical changes that occurred in the Bible?

1. Water turning into wine (Jesus at the wedding in Cana). 2. Moses parting the Red Sea.

What are two examples of chemical changes that occurred in the Bible?

1. Turning water into blood (Plague of Egypt). 2. Fire coming down from heaven to consume sacrifices.

What is the operational definition of matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. This definition is important for understanding the physical universe and distinguishing between substances.

Describe the attraction of particles in a gas.

In a gas, particles have very weak attractions to each other and move freely and quickly in various directions.

Distinguish between matter and non-matter.

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, while non-matter includes elements that do not have mass or take up space, such as light and sound. Examples of matter: air, water, rocks, trees, and metals. Examples of non-matter: light, sound, heat, ideas, and emotions.

How are temperature and kinetic energy related?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance; as temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases.

What is the SI unit for temperature?

The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K).

List 4 examples of physical changes.

1. Ice melting to water. 2. Water boiling to steam. 3. Breaking a glass. 4. Dissolving sugar in water.

List 4 examples of chemical changes.

1. Rusting of iron. 2. Burning of wood. 3. Baking a cake. 4. Digestion of food.

List 5 examples of chemical properties.

1. Flammability. 2. Reactivity with acids. 3. Reactivity with oxygen. 4. Toxicity. 5. Stability.

List 5 examples of physical properties.

1. Color. 2. Density. 3. Melting point. 4. Boiling point. 5. Solubility.

What is an element?

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

What is a mixture?

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties.

What is a compound?

A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in fixed ratios.

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

A pure substance has a uniform and definite composition, while a mixture contains two or more substances that retain their individual properties. Pure substances cannot be separated by physical methods; mixtures can be separated by physical means.

What are the two ways 'phase' can be used?

Phase can refer to a stage in a process (e.g., phases of matter) or to a distinct, homogeneous state of matter.

What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.

What are the four states of matter?

1. Solid. 2. Liquid. 3. Gas. 4. Plasma. Characteristics include particle arrangement, energy levels, and shape.

What happens to particles when the temperature of a liquid is increased?

The particles move faster and further apart; most substances expand when heated, but water contracts between 0°C and 4°C.

What are the changes in states of matter?

The changes in states include melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, sublimation, and deposition. Factors affecting these include temperature and pressure.

What is a fluid?

A fluid is any substance that can flow, including liquids and gases.

What is buoyancy?

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an object immersed in it.

Define temperature.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Define viscosity.

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

Define pressure.

Pressure is the force exerted per unit area on a surface.

Define density.

Density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume (Density = Mass/Volume).

Define volume.

Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance occupies.

What is Boyle’s Law?

Boyle’s Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature is held constant. Example: If volume decreases, pressure increases.

What is Charles Law?

Charles Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant. The amount of gas must remain constant for this law to hold true.

What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?

A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout (e.g., saltwater), while a heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases (e.g., salad).

What is Archimedes' Principle?

Archimedes' Principle states that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Example: A boat floats because it displaces water equal to its weight.

What does Pascal’s Principle state?

Pascal’s Principle states that when pressure is applied to a confined fluid, it is transmitted undiminished in all directions. Example: A hydraulic lift.

What is the Creation Mandate?

The Creation Mandate refers to the biblical instruction given to humanity to fill the earth and have dominion over it.

Define the Tyndall effect.

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in very fine suspensions.

Who first wrote about the motion of particles?

The concept of particle motion was first proposed by John Dalton and later expanded by scientists like Albert Einstein.

Which has more kinetic energy, a 20 K cup of water or a 50 K cup of water?

The 50 K cup of water has more kinetic energy due to its higher temperature.

What is the difference between evaporation and vaporization?

Evaporation is the process where liquid becomes vapor at temperatures below boiling; vaporization refers to the transition from liquid to gas at boiling point.