usa 8 women's suffrage

the Burned-Over District

described the number of religious revivals which spread over the region of upstate New York in the early 19th century; sparked new religions, often with a social consciousness agenda (abolition, women’s rights)

first women’s rights convention

1848, Seneca Falls, NY

“Declaration of Sentiments” 1848

foundational document in U.S. women’s right movement history, outlining the rights that American women should be entitled to as citizens, that emerged from the Seneca Falls Convention; it called for property and divorce rights, educational and employment opportunities and the vote; modelled on the Declaration of Independence

Resolution Nine Controversy

'“Resolved, That it is the duty of women of this country to secure themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise.” referred to women’s right to vote; many found it too extreme but despite the initial hesitation, the resolution passed by a large majority

Suffragists asked to support the 15th Amendment

the 15th Amendment granted former male slaves the right to vote

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the 15th Amendment…

…arguing that if justice could not be given to all, it should be given to the “most intelligent and capable portion of women first”

how can an Amendment be ratified?

from Article V of Constitution: 2/3RDS TO PROPOSE (House of Representatives- 290 members and the Senate-67 senators) or legislatures from the states (currently 34 states)

3/4THS TO RATIFY (legislatures from the states-currently 38 states)

the 19th Amendment

“The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of sex.”; ratified in 1920

the 19th Amendment required ratification by..

…by three-quarters of the states-meaning 36 of the 48 states in 1920; the potential 36th and final state was Tennessee

Carrie Chapman Catt

a local organizer in Nashville and Tennessee who faced off against antisuffragists who used bribes and alcohol to persuade politicians voting on ratification

once the 19th Amendment was ratified…

26 million women had the right to vote for the first time

the Temperance Movement

a social movement urging for laws banning the sale and consumption of alcohol; often crossover with the suffragists as temperance agitators linked alcohol abuse to family issues

Prohibition

the era of the ban of the sale of alcohol (1920-1933); repealed with the 21st Amendment in 1933

21st Amendment significance

demonstartes the only process through which a constitutional amendment may be overturned-that is, through the passage of another constitutional amendment; remains the only constitutional amendment to be overturned