PSYC 204 Quiz 1

applied research

concerned with solving a real world problem

basic research

concerned with trying to understand some phenomenon in its own right

correlational research

Correlational is suggestive. Measuring the linear relationship between two variables.

experimental research

Experimental causal. Systematically controls and manipulates events. 

true experiment

is a type of experimental design including a control group, random assignment, and is usually conducted in a lab.

theory vs. hypothesis

o   A hypothesis is a prediction of what should happen, while a theory is a set of propositions intended to describe a phenomenon.

o   General (theory) specific (hypothesis)

biased sample

a sample that systematically misrepresents the POI

3 types of self

individual, collective, relational

individual self

beliefs about our unique personality traits, preferences, and abilities

collective self

beliefs about ourselves as members of a social group

relational self

beliefs about ourselves within specific identities (sibling, manager, daughter, teacher)

Heine et al (2001)

People from interdependent cultures were more likely to work harder on the second task if they failed the first. People from independent cultures were more likely to work harder on the second task if they succeeded on the first one.

state vs. trait

o   Trait: the average version of you that is relatively stable across time

o   State: how you are in different situations, which change based on the context

o   A trait is longer-lasting

Self-Enhancement

the desire to protect, increase, or maintain their self-esteem or self-views

Self-Discrepancy & the 3 types of self

people want to minimize inconsistencies between their actual selves and possible selves

ought

actual

ideal

Ought self

who people want you to be

Actual self

the person you are

Ideal self

the person you aspire to be