Studied by 42 peopleMiddle Ages
Time between fall of Rome and Renaissance
Abbasad Caliphate, Crusades, and Mongols
How knowledge from the Greeks and Romans spread to other Europeans.
Europe during 14th century
During this time people rediscovered and utilized classical knowledge
Italian Renaissance
Greek and Roman history and achievements. Art styled after Greek roman art. Biblical scenes and classical myths and well as Greek gods were subjects of art.
Education during Italian Renaissance
Focused on being well rounded in art, philosophy, science and rhetoric (language)
Francesco Petrarch
One of the first to read and study classics part of Italian Renaissance
Niccolo Michaiavelli
Writer of Renaissance came from war-torn city states wrote “Prince” part of Italian Renaissance
Leonardo Bruni
Advocated being proactive. Includes voting and being involved in politics discussing issues. Focus on secular life and shaping world as a citizen. Part of Italian Renaissance
Humanism
Value and agency of humans using thinking and evidence
Humanist Literature
Does not focus on god, gives realistic picture of what life is like. Talks about real life events and does not portray heroic people.
Giovanna Boccacio
Wrote the Decameron and was a writer who wrote about moral dilemmas people deal with rather than being heroic. Part of Italian Renaissance
Christian Humanism
People started reading classical Christian texts and focused on individual spiritual life and connection to god.
Enlightment thinkers focused on
Science discoveries, philosophy, as well as classical texts were the main focus of the Renaissance artists and writers.
Northern Renaissance
Emphasis on regular human life and themes ( outlying about personal connection to god)
erasmus
Christian Humanist who wrote the Praise of Fully
Thomas Moore
Writer of Northern Renaissance wrote Utopia and portrayed idealistic society
Nepotism
Favoring relatives and giving them power
Secularism
Not attaching any actions or decisions that are taken with religion.
Jean Bodin
Influential intellectual who believes church was corrupt, especially pope and that it should not be involved in politics or things like taxes, land and anointing.
Civic Humanism
Questioning of corrupt church and emphasis on secular political life without church interference
Medieval art
Emphasis on god, architecture consists of Basic architecture as well as vibrant colors and not much detail
Renaissance art
Emphasis on regular and individual life. Use of detail as well as architecture, classical figures, and style
Raphael
Artists during Renaissance and creator of the piece School of Athens
Leonardo da Vinci
Creator of Mona Lisa and artist during Northern Renaissance
donatello
Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures
Michelangelo
Sculptor and Painter responsible for creating Sistine Chapel
Rembrandt
Artist during Renaissance responsible for spreading awareness about human anatomy created Anatomy Lesson
Skepticism
Doubt and question things accepted as true
Ptolemy
Creator of the geocentric model where earth is in middle
Galen
Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance
Aristotle
Invented the idea of gravity and other things as well
Copernicus
Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center
galileo
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate confirmed copernicus’ theory
Vesalius
Surgeon who began dissecting cadeavers;
Scientific Method
Something is only true if it can be tested, observed, and repeated
Issac newton
Defined universal laws known as Newtonian physics also developer of calculus
Ren Descartes
Founder of deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Using logical deduction to make logical conclusion through process of elimination
Francis Bacon
Invented of inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Using evidence, patterns, and observations to gather strong evidence for truth.
Royal societies/ Royal societies of !ondon
Monarchs and government began to fund scientists and created societies of scientist whose main job was to question, develop, and test new ideas.
Greco-Roman texts
Texts of certain people that would challenge power of universities and churches and shift from theological focus to scientific
Venice and Florence
Main centers of Italian Renaissance
Italy at the time of Renaissance
Center of commerce and papacy, through which merchants and crusaders returned with Ancient Christian and Greek texts.
Education in Middle Ages
Focused on professional training and theology (religion)
Renaissance Humanism
Study of humanities (art, philosophy, history)
sonnets
Series of stories Petrarch would write about moral isssues
The Decameron
Compilation of stories of many different people
Classical Christian texts
Bible, St,Augustine
What Christianity depended on
Relied on pope, religious rituals, traditions, and relics
The Prince
Anything works in politics it can be just, unjust, loving, brutal as long as it works
Visual and literary art
We can see issues and ideas of that time and generation through these
Classical figures in Renaissance
Aristotle, Cicero, Plato, Socrates
Geometric Perspective
Attempt by artists to make each painting or sculpture accurately.
Characteristics of Renaissance Art
3d characters, with shadowing, expressions, shading, and expressions of humans.
Patrons
People who would hire artists to paint their family in geometric perspective and real human style.
Catholic Church
This place also hired artists to sculpt and design religious statues and buildings
Filippo Brunelleschi
Architect known for creating cathedral in Florence
William Harvey
made conclusion that bodies function universally in humans as integrated system
Development in 16th century
New technology, inventions, and math provided way to effectively test skepticism. Things like telescopes, microscopes, vacuum pumps, and thermometers were invented.
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