Chapter 1 - AP Hug

Cartography

the science of mapmaking using computers and satellite views

Concentration

the spread of a feature over space

Contagious diffusion

the rapid diffusion of a characteristic throughout populations; it spreads like a contagious disease; for example the term “goes viral” on a video seen by viewers quickly

Cultural Landscape

a combination of economic features (agriculture industry), and cultural features (language and religion), and physical feature

Culture

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together create the distinct tradition of a group of people

Density

the frequency which something occurs in space like buildings or cars, etc. can be measured in different units

Diffusion

the process by which characteristics spread overtime

Distance-decay

when someone is far away from someone the less likely the two are to interact. The increasing distance decreases contact.

Distribution

the way something is spread out or arranged over a geographic area

Enviornmental-determination

when the physical environment causes social development

Expansion diffusion

the spread of features from one place to another in an improvement process

Formal region

or a uniform region is an area in which everyone shares something in common (one or more distinctive characteristics)

Friction of distance

the closer people are to a migration destination, the more likely they are to migrate there

Functional region

an area organized around a node or focal point (center point)

GIS (geographic information science)

helpful when making maps as it can help maps be more precise, neat, and quicker to make

• Uses layers: Cities, Highways, etc.

• Can show relationships between geographic and even diseases, location of buildings, etc.

GPS (geographical positioning system)

helps determine locations on Earth and is used for navigation

Hearth

where something originates and diffuses from there to another place

Hierarchical diffusion

the spread of an idea from people or places of power to other people or places

Location

the position where something is on Earth’s surface

Mercator projection

very little distorted, consistent direction, and rectangular. However, the relative size of landmasses near the poles are much larger than actual size

Possibilism

how the physical environment may limit human actions but people can adapt to environment

Projection

the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map

Region

An area of Earth that is defined by one or more unique characteristics

Relocation diffusion

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people; when people migrate they carry culture, language, religion, and ethnicity

Robinson projection

good for showing information across the ocean but the landmasses are smaller

Scale

• map scale: the relationship of an area's size compared to its actual size

• local/global scale: the connection between the proportion of Earth and the planet as a whole

Site

the exact location of a place

Situation

the location in relation to another place

Space-time compression

 the reduction in time it takes for an object to reach another place (usually due to the developments in technology)

Stimulus diffusion

cultural ideas spread from a single cultural source and evolve the further they spread

Toponym

a name given to a place on Earth. Names are derived from people or prominence, religious affiliation, physical features, or origins of its settlers

Vernacular region

an area people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity (usually has fuzzy borders)