BUILDING UTILITIES

BU 3: EXAM REVIEWER (MODULE 1A)

ACOUSTICS

Study of how sound is created, transmitted, and received. 

ACOUSTICS

Deals with the production, control, transmission, reception and effects of  sound waves

ACOUSTICAL DESIGN

Planning, shaping, finishing and furnishing of an enclosed space to establish the acoustical environment

ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT

Application of absorbent or reflecting materials to an enclosed space to alter or improve its acoustic properties

ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS

Study of sound in buildings and the design of structures for optimal acoustic performance

ROOM ACOUSTICS

Qualities or characteristics of a room that determine the audibility of speech or fidelity of musical sound in it

ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS

Control of noise pollution, which includes all motor vehicles, industrial plant and construction heavy equipment

PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS

Propagation and absorption of sound at all frequencies in air and other gases

ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS

Development of devices to generate, record, and analyze sound of all kinds

STRUCTURAL ACOUSTICS

Deals with the sound emitted by vibrating structures

MUSICAL ACOUSTICS

Deals with the physics of musical instruments

UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS

Deals with all aspects of sound of the sea and its use for detection of vessels and exploration of the seabed

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACOUSTICS

Deals with models and theories of operation of the ear and its anatomy

PSYCHOLOGICAL ACOUSTICS

Studies the brain’s signal processing function

ARCHEOACOUSTICS

Studies the relationship between people and sound throughout history

AEROACOUSTICS

Study of noise generated by air movement (turbulence, movement of sound through fluid air)

BIOACOUSTICS

Acoustic behavior in animals and biological media

SPEECH AND COMMUNICATION ACOUSTICS

Considers the production and transmission of speech

ACOUSTICS OF VIBRATION

How mechanical systems vibrate and interact with their surroundings

SOUND

Auditory sensation in the ear

SOUND

Disturbance in a medium that can cause sensation

MEDIUM

Substance that allows sound waves to travel through it

GAS

Sound waves travels the slowest

LIQUID

Sound waves travels faster

SOLID

Sound waves travels fastest

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

Pumps, generators, compressors, fans etc. 

LIBRARY

Spaces wherein QUIET is a necessity

MUSEUM

Spaces wherein QUIET is a necessity

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

Spaces wherein QUIET is a necessity

CLASSROOMS

Spaces wherein UNDERSTANDING OF SPEECH are

vital.

BOARDROOMS

Spaces wherein UNDERSTANDING OF SPEECH are

vital.

LECTURE HALLS

Spaces wherein UNDERSTANDING OF SPEECH are

vital.

COURTROOMS

Spaces wherein UNDERSTANDING OF SPEECH are

vital.

LOBBIES

Spaces wherein “BUZZ” should not be

overwhelming

RESTAURANTS

Spaces wherein “BUZZ” should not be

overwhelming

MALL

Spaces wherein “BUZZ” should not be

overwhelming

FOODCOURTS

Spaces wherein “BUZZ” should not be

overwhelming

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Spaces that require PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT

audibility

GOVERNMENT FACILITIES

Spaces that require PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT

audibility

PUBLIC SPACES

Spaces that require PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT

audibility

OPEN OFFICE

Spaces wherein SPEECH PRIVACY is important

CALL CENTERS

Spaces wherein SPEECH PRIVACY is important

Spaces wherein SPEECH PRIVACY is important

MEETING ROOMS

RECORDING STUDIOS

Spaces wherein MUSIC ENHANCEMENT is crucial

CONCERT HALLS 

Spaces wherein MUSIC ENHANCEMENT is crucial

PRACTICE ROOMS

Spaces wherein MUSIC ENHANCEMENT is crucial

PERFORMANCE SPACES

Spaces wherein MUSIC ENHANCEMENT is crucial

DOCTOR’S CLINIC

Spaces wherein CONFIDENTIALITY is essential

HUMAN RESOURCE OFFICES

Spaces wherein CONFIDENTIALITY is essential

POLICE FACILITIES

Spaces wherein CONFIDENTIALITY is essential

COUNSELLING OFFICES

Spaces wherein CONFIDENTIALITY is essential

WORSHIP CENTERS

Spaces wherein SPEECH AND MUSIC must be

considered

BALLROOMS

Spaces wherein SPEECH AND MUSIC must be

considered

THEATERS

Spaces wherein SPEECH AND MUSIC must be

considered

MULTI-PURPOSE HALL

Spaces wherein SPEECH AND MUSIC must be

considered

AKOUEIN

The word acoustics is derived from the Greek word

CONCENTRIC CIRCLE

The Greek introduces this type of space planning to accommodate great number of people close to the central area

GREEKS

Who introduced the concentric circle

ARISTOTLE

Understood that sound consisted of contractions and expansions of the air “falling up and striking the air which is next to it.”

HARMONICS

Pitch of notes and the intervals in Greek musical scale

SOUND IN AUDITORIUM

Travel of sound from source to the ears by a direct route leading to raked seating and semi circular plan

SITE OF A THEATRE

Must not have echo, nor give reflections that can lead to direct and reflected sound interfering

TEATRO OLIMPICO

First built permanent theater

SABBIONETA THEATER

U shape plan with a single point perspective backdrop;

BAROQUE PERIOD

Music and architecture of this period is highly decorative

EALY CHRISTIAN PERIOD

Dominated by churches

Construction materials: flat brick, and marble as decorative facade

Highly reverberant churches even with open windows 

ROMANESQUE PERIOD

Floor plans in cruciform shape

Construction materials: brick and stone - highly reverberant

GOTHIC PERIOD

The massive structures carried the art and engineering of working in stone to

its highest level.

Plain chant was the music of the religious orders and was suited perfectly to the cathedral.

RENAISSANCE PERIOD

Cathedrals are designed naturally and unconsciously inclined to whisper.

GEORGE SAUNDERS

First to publish results of tests on theatre acoustics

JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT

Theory of Acoustic

HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ

Sensations of Tone 

RUDOLPH KOENIG

Invented the manometric flame apparatus - allowed the visualization of acoustic signals

JOHN TYNDALL

Published his book On Sound

Sound is reflected in air at the interface between air bodies of different ddensities

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

Electrical speech machine - the telephone

THOMAS EDISON

Invented the phonograph

WALLACE CLEMENT SABINE

Father of Architectural Acoustics