GOV AIR TEST

Negotiation

A process of settling differences through a discussion of issues.

Consensus Building

Process of working toward achieving general agreement within a group

Persuasion

Process of inducing (convincing) others into accepting a point of view by means of reasoning and argumentation

Compromise

Process of making concessions (giving something up) to settle differences.

Anti-Federalist

A member of a political movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government, advocating instead for the preservation of individual states' rights

Expansionary policy

An economic policy that involves increasing government spending or lowering taxes to stimulate economic growth.

Contractionary Policy

An economic policy that reduces government spending or increases taxes to decrease economic activity.

Fiscal Policy

The use of government spending and taxes to influence the economy.

Recession

A significant decline in economic activity lasting more than a few months.

Bicameral Legislature

A legislative body with two chambers or houses

Gridlock

A situation where progress is halted due to opposing forces in a political system, often due to partisan disagreements

Preamble

The introductory statement in a constitution, outlining its purposes and guiding principles.

Govt. Deficit

The shortfall when the government's expenditures exceed its revenues

 Political Spectrum

The political spectrum is a system for classifying political positions, ranging from left (liberal) to right (con

Concurrent powers

Powers shared by federal and state governments

Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the United States, establishing a weak national government

Article II

Establishes the executive branch of the U.S. government, defining the powers and responsibilities of the President

Article III

Establishes the judicial branch of the U.S. government

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Leads the U.S. Supreme Court and oversees its functions

Precedent

Legal decision serving as an example for future cases

Foreign policy

Strategies and decisions by a government regarding its relations with other countries

 Monetary Policy

Government's strategy for managing the economy through the control of money supply and interest rates

Due Process

Legal requirement for fair treatment in the justice system

Article I

Establishes the legislative branch, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, responsible for making

19th Amendment

granted women the right to vote in the United States, prohibiting any citizen from being denied the right to vote based on sex.

4th Amendment

protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures, ensuring the right to privacy.

Election of 1800

a pivotal presidential election in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the United States.

Incorporation

the legal doctrine that extends the protections of the Bill of Rights to state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.

Reconstruction Amendments

refers to the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution, which were adopted after the Civil War to ensure rights for freed slaves and to secure their citizenship and voting rights.

10th Amendment

an amendment that reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

lame duck phase

refers to the period between the election of a new president and the inauguration, during which the outgoing president has limited power.

Two term limit

a tradition established by George Washington, whereby a president serves no more than two terms in office. This precedent was later codified in the 22nd Amendment.

popular sovereignty

the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, typically through elected representatives.

Impeachment

the process by which a legislative body charges a government official with unlawful activity, potentially leading to removal from office.

Implied powers

powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but inferred from its clauses, allowing Congress to act in ways not directly outlined.