Lab Exam 2

mesentery proper

attaches jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall

mesocolon

attaches transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior body wall

coronary ligament

attaches liver to diaphragm

falciform ligament

attaches liver to the anterior body wall

ligamentum teres hepatis

remnant of umbilical vein

greater omentum

attaches stomach to transverse colon

lesser omentum

attaches stomach to liver

list the intraperitoneal organs

spleen, stomach, sigmoid colon, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, gallbladder, liver

List the retroperitoneal organs

urinary bladder, ureters, pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, ascending colon, descending colon, kidney, adrenal glands, duodenum

What makes up the femoral triangle?

inguinal ligament, adductor longus, great saphenous vein

what is the function of the omentum in the peritoneum?

binds one organ to another

what is the function of the mesentery in the peritoneum?

binds intraperitoneal intestines to posterior body wall

what is the function of the ligaments in the peritoneum?

binds organs to body wall

What is the function of the right atrium?

pumps blood to right ventricle and receives bld from systemic circuit

What is the function of the left atrium?

receives bld from pulmonary circuit

What is the function of the right ventricle?

receives blood from the right atrium and pumps bld to pulmonary circuit

What is the function of the left ventricle?

receives bld from left atrium and pumps bld to systemic circuit

What is the function of the auricles in the heart?

increases the volume of the atria

What is the function of the pectinate muscles?

controls blood flowing through the atriums

What is the function of the interatrial septum?

prevents oxygen rich and oxygen poor bld from mixing

What is the function of atrioventricular valves?

prevents backflow from ventricles into the atria

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

prevents valve proplapse

What is the function of the trabeculae carneae?

provides structural support for ventricles

What is the function of papillary muscles?

prevents mitral valve prolapse by anchoring chordae tendineae

What is the function of the semilunar valves?

prevents backflow from great vessels into the ventricles

What does the superior vena cava serve?

drains blood from above diaphragm into right atrium

What does the inferior vena cava serve?

drains blood from below diaphragm into right atrium

What do the pulmonary veins serve?

deliver oxygen rich bld into left atrium

What does the pulmonary trunk serve?

supplies oxygen poor bld to lungs

What do pulmonary arteries serve?

Supplies deoxygenated bld to lungs

What does the aorta serve?

Delivers oxygenated blood above and below the diaphragm

What does the brachiocephalic artery serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to head, neck, upper limb

What do the common carotid arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich blood to head, neck

What does the internal carotid arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich blood to the brain

What do the external carotid arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich blood to face

What do the vertebral arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to brain

What do the subclavian arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to head, neck, upper limb

What do the thyrocervical arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to thyroid gland, neck

What do the internal thoracic arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to anterior thoracic wall

What does the celiac artery serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to spleen, stomach, liver

What do the renal artery serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to kidneys

What do the suprarenal arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to adrenal glands

What does the superior mesenteric artery serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to small and proximal large intestine, pancreas

What does the inferior mesenteric artery serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to distal large intestine

What does the ovarian/testicular artery serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to ovaries/testes

What do the common iliac arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to pelvis and lower limbs

What do the internal iliac arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to pelvis

What do the external iliac arteries serve? Where does bld go next?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to lower limbs ; femoral artery

What do the femoral arteries serve?

Supplies oxygen rich bld to lower limbs

What do the pulmonary veins (superior/inferior) serve? Where bld go next?

Drains oxygen rich bld from lungs ; left atria

What do the brachiocephalic veins serve? Where does bld go next?

Drains the head, neck, upper limbs ; inferior vena cava

What do the internal jugular veins serve?

Drains the brain ; brachiocephalic

What do the external jugular veins serve?

Drains the face ; subclavian

What do the vertebral veins serve?

Drains the neck ; brachiocephalic

What do the subclavian veins serve?

Drains oxygen poor blood from head, neck, upper limbs ; superior vena cava

What do the cephalic veins serve?

Drains oxygen poor blood from upper limbs ; subclavian vein

What does the azygous vein serve?

Drains oxygen poor blood from lateral and posterior thoracic wall ; superior vena cava

What do the hepatic veins serve?

Drains oxygen poor, nutrient poor blood from liver ; inferior vena cava

testicular/ovarian vein

drains the testes/ovaries ; inferior vena cava

What does the hepatic portal vein serve? What part of the chair is it? Where does bld go next?

Drains oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood into liver ; back of chair ; hepatic sinusoidal capillaries —> hepatic veins

What does the superior mesenteric vein serve? Where does bld go next?

Drains the small and proximal large intestine, pancreas ; hepatic portal vein

What does the inferior mesenteric vein serve? Where does bld go next?

Drains distal large intestine ; splenic vein

What do the great saphenous veins serve? Where does it go next

Drains the medial lower limbs ; femoral vein

Where are fenestraded capillaries found?

Kidney, intestinal tract

How do you identify neutrophils? What do they do?

multi lobed, broken up nucleus, granulated ; secretes lysosome, non specific phagocytosis, “first responders”

How do you identify eosinophils? What do they do?

Granulated, bi lobed ; Secrete lysosome, engulf antigen-antibody complexes

How do you identify basophils? What do they do?

scalloped border, obscured nucleus, granulated ; initiate inflammation/allergy response (release histamine and heparin)

T cytotoxic cells do?

Kills cancer cells, virally infected cells ; anything non self

What B lymphocytes do?

Secrete antibodies, become plasma cells

How do you identify lymphocytes? What do they do?

large nucleus, sliver of cytoplasm, no granules ; specific immune response - t lym kill virally infected cells and cancer cells, b lym secrete antibodies —> kills bacteria

How do you identify monocytes? What do they do?

large cell, kidney bean/c shaped nucleus, no granules ; dendritic cells, help activate B and T cells, phagocytize dead cells

What is the purpose of tunica externa? What is it made of?

Assist in contraction an relaxation of vessel ; wfct and areolar ct

What is the fxn of vaso vasorum? Where are they found?

small vessels that supply blood to large vessels ; elastic artery tunica externa

What is the purpose of tunica interna? (Elastic aorta, muscular artery) What is it made of?

facilitates diffusion through itself ; endothelium

Thoracic duct

drains cisterna chyli —> drains into thoracic duct —> drains into L subclavian vein

Right lymphatic duct

drains lymph into r subclavian vein

cisterna chyli

drains lymph from below diaphragm

lymph nodes

immune surveillance for pathogens, filters lymph

Spleen

reservoir for bld, filters rbcs

Thymus

not present in adults, where t lymphocytes mature

Vermiform appendix

replenishes gut biome after diarrhea