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Evolution

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25 Terms

1

Evolution

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

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2

Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

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3

natural selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

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4

artificial selection

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits.

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5

Adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

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6

Adaptation types

structural, physiological, behavioral

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7

allopatric speciation

The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another.

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8

sympatric speciation

The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

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9

Mutatation

Any change in the Genetic material usually change in a single base.

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10

Fossil

The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

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11

Fossilization

when living material is replaced with mineral substances in the remains of an organism

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12

Gradualism

The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily

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13

punctuated equilibrium

Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

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14

Speciation

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

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15

selective advantage

a characteristic of an organism that permits it to produce more than the average number of offspring of its species

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16

homologous structures

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

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17

analogous structures

Body parts that share a common function, but not structure

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18

Microevolution

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

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19

Macroevolution

large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time

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20

vestigial structures

A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose

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21

speciation mechanisms

allopatric, sympatric

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22

Batesian mimicry

A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.

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23

mulerian mimicry

mutual mimicry (bees and hornets) 2 dangerous species mimic each other

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24

Cryptic camouflage

mimic some aspect of the environment

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25

Disruptive Camouflage

Organisms silhouette is broken up by patterns to confuse predator (zebra)

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