bio 3

Evolution

Evolution

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

natural selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

artificial selection

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits.

Adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Adaptation types

structural, physiological, behavioral

allopatric speciation

The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another.

sympatric speciation

The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

Mutatation

Any change in the Genetic material usually change in a single base.

Fossil

The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

Fossilization

when living material is replaced with mineral substances in the remains of an organism

Gradualism

The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily

punctuated equilibrium

Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

Speciation

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

selective advantage

a characteristic of an organism that permits it to produce more than the average number of offspring of its species

homologous structures

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

analogous structures

Body parts that share a common function, but not structure

Microevolution

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

Macroevolution

large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time

vestigial structures

A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose

speciation mechanisms

allopatric, sympatric

Batesian mimicry

A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.

mulerian mimicry

mutual mimicry (bees and hornets) 2 dangerous species mimic each other

Cryptic camouflage

mimic some aspect of the environment

Disruptive Camouflage

Organisms silhouette is broken up by patterns to confuse predator (zebra)