programming languages

What is R?,

A programming language focused on statistical analysis, data manipulation, and data visualization.

Why is R popular in data science?,

It’s easy to use, works well with large datasets, and has many pre-built packages with analytics algorithms.

Who created R and when?,

Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland.

What is RStudio?,

A graphical user interface (GUI) for programming in R.

What is the file extension for R scripts?,.R

Is R open-source?,

Yes, it is supported by the R Core Team and R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

What type of programming language is Scala?,

A hybrid language supporting both object-oriented and functional programming.

Why is Scala relevant in data science?,

It is strongly typed, versatile, and runs on the Java Virtual Machine, making it scalable for big data.

Who created Scala and when?,

Martin Odersky in 2001 at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.

What is the file extension for Scala files?

.scala

What is SAS?,

A programming language and software suite for data management, advanced analytics, and predictive analysis.

Who created SAS and where?,

Anthony James Barr at North Carolina State University.

Is SAS open source?,

No, it is licensed software.

What is SAS OnDemand for Academics?,

A free, cloud-hosted version of SAS available for students.

What is the file extension for SAS files?,

.sas

What is MATLAB?,

A high-level programming language for numerical computation, visualization, and algorithm development.

Who developed MATLAB?,

Cleve Moler, later commercialized by MathWorks.

Why is MATLAB important?,

It is widely used for matrix operations, data analysis, and interfacing with other programming languages.

What is the file extension for MATLAB files?

.mlx

What is JavaScript mainly used for?,Developing interactive web applications and websites.

Where is JavaScript executed?,Primarily on the client-side (user’s computer).

Who created JavaScript and when?,Developed at Netscape in 1995.

Why is JavaScript important in modern tech?,It is versatile, with numerous frameworks and libraries (e.g., React, Angular, Node.js).

What is SQL used for?,Managing, querying, and manipulating relational databases.

Who developed SQL and where?,Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce at IBM.

Why is SQL important in data science?,It allows efficient data extraction, transformation, and manipulation across multiple databases.

What is a common industry tool for SQL?,SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS).

What is Python?,A general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.

Who created Python and when?,Guido van Rossum in 1991.

Why is Python popular in data science?,It has extensive libraries (like Pandas, NumPy, Scikit-learn) and excels at handling datasets and data analysis.

What are the main stages of the data science process?,1) Define the problem, 2) Collect data, 3) Process data (clean, validate, transform), 4) Explore data, 5) Model data, 6) Present results or automate processes.