Chapter 6 Exercise Physiology

Why is the immune system important to the body?

It maintains homeostasis in the body.

The term ___ refers to all of the mechanisms used in the body to protect against foreign agents.

Immunity

The innate immune system provides _____ invaders.

both external and internal defenses against foreign

Match the aspects of the innate immune system (in the left column) with their components (in the right column).

The external defense: It is composed of the physical barriers such as the skin and the mucus membranes that line the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts.

The internal defense: It is composed of both specialized cells designed to destroy the invader, and a group of proteins called the complement system.

True or false: Phagocytes and natural killer cells make up the physical barrier that is the first line of defense against invaders

False, Skin and the mucosa make up the physical barrier that is the first line of defense against invaders.

The _____ system recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign agents in the body.

immune

_____ are an important class of immune cells designed to recognize and remove foreign invaders

Leukocyte

Which of the following statements best describes a well-coordinated immune system

It consists of complex cellular and chemical components that provide overlapping protection against infectious agents.

True or false: Humans and other animals are born with a specific immune system

False

All blood cells are made in the _____ from self-renewing stem cells

bone marrow

Which of the following is an accurate statement about natural killer cells?

They function as killer cells in antibody dependent immune response.

Match the components of the innate immune system (in the left column) with the area they cover (in the right column)

Skin, 2 square meters

Mucosa, 400 square meters

Leukocytes are also known as _____

white blood cells

Identify the key phagocytes.

Monocytes
Neutrophils

The term ____ refers to all of the mechanisms used in the body to protect against foreign agents.

immunity

Macrophages are often called professional phagocytes because they ____

make their living destroying bacteria

Which of the following is a strategy of renewal that ensures that there will always be stem cells to produce mature blood cells

When stem cells divide into two daughter cells, one of the daughter cells remains a stem cell.

__ bind directly to virus-infected cells and cancer cells to destroy them

Natural killer cells

Increasing the amount of blood flow to the infected site, with the help of macrophages, helps innate immunity by

bringing additional leukocytes to the infected site

Immune cells that consume bacteria are classified as __

phagocytes

Identify a function that describes cytokines' role as a chemoattractant

They recruit other immune system components to assist in fighting the infection.

Macrophages are derived from __

monocytes

__ are also known as professional killers that are "on call" in the blood.

Neutrophils

The natural killer cells are produced in the ___

bone marrow

The _____, after destroying bacteria, give off chemicals to increase the amount of blood flow to the infected site.

macrophages

The word inflammation comes from the Latin word inflammare, which means "_____."

to set on fire

Identify the clinical signs of localized inflammation. (Check all that apply.)

Redness
Swelling
Heat
(Pain too)

__ are cell signals that regulate immune system by facilitating communication between cells within the immune system

Cytokines

Chronic inflammation is associated with an increase in circulating cytokines and the so-called "acute-phase proteins" such as ____

c-reactive proteins

How does a neutrophil alert other immune cells in the body

By secreting cytokines

Adaptive immune response provides us with the ability to _

recognize and remember specific pathogens

Natural killer cells are produced from ___

stem cells

is a normal part of the biological response to harmful stimuli, such as bacteria entering the body

Inflammation

Both B- and T-cells are members of the _____ sub-family of blood cells that have their origin from stem cells located within bone marrow.

lymphocytes

What causes redness, swelling, and heat around the damaged area

Increased blood flow

The field of ___ ___ is defined as the study of exercise, psychological, and environmental influences on immune function.

exercise immunology

Which of the following exhibits signs of chronic inflammation

cancer

Identify the class of individuals who are less prone to colds (URTIs)

Those who engage in moderate-intensity workouts

What is the contribution of Dr. Edward Jenner to the field of immunology?

He provided the first evidence to prove the existence of acquired immunity.

High levels of cortisol can inhibit the function of specific cytokines and suppress the function of ____

natural killer cells

The major cells involved in the acquired immune system are __

B-cells and T-cells

The important topics of exercise immunology deal with the

effects of exercise on resistance to infection

What is the average duration of a moderate-intensity workout that prevents a person from URTIs

20-40 minutes

Stress hormones depress the production and function of __

T-cells