Chapter 1.5-2.4 Quiz: Early American Colonization

Mr. Holland, US History 2024

Christopher Columbus

italian, first explorer since vikings

taino

Who did Christopher Columbus first encounter?

colonies

distant settlements controlled by parent country

Columbian Exchange

transporting plants and animals east to west and west to east

Treaty of Tordesillas

agreement to divide western hemisphere between Spain and Portugal to prevent war (unsuccessful)

conquistadors

spanish explorers

Hernando Cortez

Who lead the conquistadors, defeated the Aztecs, and founded New Spain?

peninsulars

first spanish settlers

mestizo

marriages between peninsulars and natives

encomienda

labor system consisting of natives

Juan Ponce de Leon

Who landed first in Florida?

Popé

religious Pueblo leader that revolted and kicked spanish out of Florida for a long time

joint-stock companies

money that investors pooled together to fund american voyages

John Smith

Who took control and saved Jamestown?

Powhatan

Which local tribe fought with the English in Jamestown?

headwright system

if one pays way to Virginia they receive 50 acres of land

indentured servants

limited term of servitude in exchange for passage

royal colony

under direct rule of the king

tobacco

Which crop made Jamestown rich (“brown gold”)?

House of Burgesses

first representative body in colonial America—biased

Bacon’s Rebellion

• rebels angry: lack of representation

• rich vs. poor

Puritans

fled England to escape persecution—pilgrims or seperatists

Mayflower Compact

Puritan’s government

religious freedom

Why did people flee to Plymouth?

economic freedom

Why did people flee to Jamestown?

John Winthrop

Which English Puritan established and became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Roger Williams

Who dissented against the Puritan’s religious intolerance and fought for the Native Americans’ right to sell their own land (est. Providence)?

Ann Hutchinson

Who believed that worshippers didn’t need the church or its ministers to interpret the Bible (and got banished for it)?

Pequot War

colonists set fire to native american camp and massacred everyone who tried to escape (600+ dead)

King Philip’s War

united tribes lead by Metacom were destroyed by English—native american power in northeast gone forever

Metacom

Wampanoag chief whom the English called King Phillip. He organized what became known as King Philip’s War.

New Netherlands

Which Dutch colony (present day NY, NJ, DE) had friendly relations w/natives and traded fur with them before getting taken over by England?

proprietor

one who owns the colony

Quakers

Which religious group held services without minsters, opposed war, and refused service in military (pacifists)?

William Penn

Which proprietor founded Pennsylvania and sought for equality, cooperation, and religious tolerance?

New Mexico

name for Spain’s northern holdings