Psych Final Exam Cumulative Portion - Martin Bright

Teratogens

Environmental factors that cause congenital problems.

1. Alcohol:

FASD

2. Drugs:

NASD

3. Smoking:

Carbon Monoxide crosses the placenta

What are some examples of Teratogens?

Narcolepsy

A sudden, irresistible sleep attack.

Sleep Apnea

Disorder in which a person stops breathing during sleep.

Night Terror

A state of panic during NREM sleep.

Insomnia

Difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep.

PET Scan

A high-resolution imaging technique that captures brain activity by attaching radioactive particles to glucose molecules.

MRI

An imaging technique that results in a three-dimensional image of the brain or body, based on its response to a magnetic field

EEG

A device that records electrical activity in the brain.

CT Scan

Reveals effects of strokes, tumors, and TBI's (Traumatic Brain Injuries). A computer-enhanced X-ray image of the brain or body.

Cochlea

Snail-shaped organ in the inner ear that contains sensory receptors for hearing.

Pinna

The visible, cartilage-supported flap of the outer ear on the side of your head, shaped like a funnel to collect and direct sound waves into the ear canal, helping to protect the ear and assist in localizing where sounds come from

Osicles

3 tiny bones in the middle ear—the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)—that form a lever system to amplify and transmit sound vibrations

Vestibular Canal

3 fluid-filled, loop-shaped structures in the inner ear that, along with the otolith organs (utricle and saccule) in the central vestibule, form the vestibular system, which detects head motion and position to help you balance and maintain spatial orientation.

Retina

Surface at the back of the eye onto which the lens focuses light rays.

Cornea

Curved, transparent, protective layer through which light enters the eye.

Pupil

The black opening inside the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Lens

A transparent, flexible, biconvex structure located behind the iris that focuses light onto the retina, enabling clear vision

Sensory Memory

Fleeting storage system for sensory impressions.

Short-term memory (STM)

Storage system used to hold small amounts of information in conscious awareness for about a dozen seconds.

Working Memory

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem solving.

Long Term Memory

Holds vast amounts of information for very long periods of time.

Partial Reinforcement

A pattern in which only a portion of all responses are reinforced.

Partial Reinforcement Effect

Responses acquired with partial reinforcement are more resistant to extinction.

intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)

The presence of a developmental disability, a formal IQ score below 70, and a significant impairment of adaptive behavior.

Familial intellectual disability

Mild intellectual disability associated with homes that are intellectually, nutritionally, and emotionally impoverished.

Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome; results in intellectual disability.

Fragile X Syndrome

A genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a defect in the X chromosome.