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Principals of operation, maintenance, Quality
what is primary mode
automatic
what is secondary mode
manual
what mode runs STATs
secondary
what mode has cap piercing capability
primary
how are samples run individually in secondary mode
via the secondary aspiration mode
what do expiry dates on reagent boxes apply to
to unopened reagents
how do expiry dates change once reagents are put on the board for use
changed according to the reagents shelf life as specified by the manufacturer
3 reagent DONTS
dont use expired reagents for testing
do not mix lot numbers together
do not pool reagents
what is QA
the planned and systemic activities implemented in a quality system so that quality requirements for a product or service will be fulfilled
what is QC
a tool to control and monitor the inherent variables that lead to error
where are qc controls stored
in the fridge
how should qc controls prepared for use
warmed at RT for 15-30 mins
mix blood tubes so that cell button from bottom is removed
why is calibration performed
to fine-tune the analyzer to provide the most accurate results possible by compensating for any inaccuracies that may affect the results
when should you calibrate
when initially installed
after major preventative maintenance or replacing major components
controls demonstrate evidence of unusual trends that cannot be corrected by troubleshooting
blood cell analyzers technologies
electrical imepedance
radiofrequency (conductivity)
optical light scatter
staining with cytochemical and fluorescent dyes
parameters provided by blood analyzers
complete blood count (CBC)
reticulocyte and platelet analysis
nucleated red blood cell counts
5-6 part WBC differential
type of current used in electrical impedance technology
DC (low frequency current)
what type of current is used in radiofrequency conductivity technologies
DC (low frequency current) and RF (high frequency current)
what do electrical pulses created in electrical impedance mean
the size of the pulse is directly proportional to the size of the cell
the number of pulses is directly proportional to the number of cells being counted
what is generated from the pulses in electrical impedance
histograms (RBC, WBC, PLT)
how are pulses created in electrical impedance
cells move through the aperture
how many apertures are on the beckman coulter
single aperture system
where does hemoglobin measurement take place
in the WBC bath
where are WBC counted and sized
in the WBC bath
where are RBC and PLTs counted
in the RBC bath
how do single aperture systems work
counts 3 separate times, then takes the average
what is the purpose of the sweep flow line at the bottom of RBC baths
to sweep PLTs and RBCs away from the sensing zone once they are counted to ensure they are not counted again
why is PLT/RBC aperture diameter important in impedance
RBC/PLT apertures are much smaller than WBC to aid in better PLT counting
why is protein buildup important in impedance
causes aperture to become smaller, increased resistance, causing for falsely increased cell volume (bc cells seem bigger than they are in the aperture) and lower cell counts
what is coincidence correction
correction for more than one cell passing through the aperture at the same time
what happens if there is no sweep flow line
falsely increased cell counts (counted twice)
what is isovolumetric sphering
biconcave RBCs are sphered to avoid misaligning as they pass through an aperture
what measurements are improved by isovolumetric sphering
cell volume, size distribution, hemoglobin concentration
what is flow cytometry
alignment of cells in the center of the aperture for more reliable counts
how do cells that are not aligned in the center affect pulses
cells are close to the outer areas causing for pulse height irregularities
limitations of electrical impedance technology
only differentiate cells based on different volumes
not effective for measuring different cells of the same size
what do DC and RF currents measure in radiofrrequency conductivity
DC current measures cell volume
RF current measures internal complexity of the cell
what is another name for optical light scatter
flow cytometry
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