U.S. History Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on the provided text.

Dred Scott Decision

The Supreme Court overruled attempts by Congress to limit the spread of slavery.

Black Codes

Restricted freedmen from traveling freely, serving on juries, or exercising civil rights in 1865-1866.

Jim Crow Laws

Required racial segregation, emerging in the 1880s and 1890s.

Great Plains Farming Challenges

Settlers used barbed wire, burned cow chips for fuel, and utilized steel plows; however, they did NOT rely on irrigation from nearby lakes.

Alexander Graham Bell & Thomas Alva Edison Inventions

Created a new demand for electricity.

Madam C.J. Walker

An American inventor who became a millionaire by developing new hair-care and cosmetic products for African-American women

Captains of Industry

Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, and Henry Ford helped transform the American economy by creating new industries requiring large investments, which resulted in cheaper products.

Late 19th Century American Labor Movement

Workers organized their own labor unions against harsh conditions despite public hostility.

Anarchism

Favored self-governing communities over organized government

Tammany Hall

Maintained its power by falsifying vote counts in elections.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Congressional legislation in the 1880s banned any further immigration of workers from China.

William Jennings Bryan's Belief About the Gold Standard

Rural supporters believed that a policy of bimetallism would lead crop prices to rise, making farm debts less burdensome.

Meat Inspection Act

The federal law that was passed in reaction to Upton Sinclair's description in The Jungle.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Sought to maintain fair competition and halt unfair practices damaging to consumers and competitors.

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive President responsible for achievements in U.S. conservation policy, particularly in withdrawing public lands, designating national monuments, and creating the National Conservation Commission.

Yellow Journalism

A new technique for selling newspapers that contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War.

Sinking of the USS Maine

An event that became difficult for President McKinley to resist demands to intervene in Cuba.

American Imperialists

Argued that annexed territories would provide good coaling stations for trade with East Asia.

Roosevelt Corollary

The policy described in President Theodore Roosevelt's message to Congress in 1905, asserting U.S. interests in the Caribbean and the need to prevent foreign powers from occupying American republics.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's use enrages American public opinion because submarines attacked without warning and did not have enough room to take on survivors.

World War I Trench Warfare

The use of machine guns made it difficult for soldiers to advance across open fields.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Charles Schenck was imprisoned for distributing thousands of leaflets urging young men to resist the draft.

World War I War Labor Board

Helped to settle several wartime strikes by union members.

Consequences of Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles

Germany was required to pay reparations to the Allied powers.

Red Scare

Anti-communist hysteria after World War I.

Washington Naval Conference, Geneva Disarmament Conference, and Kellogg-Briand Pact

Sought to achieve lasting peace without the League of Nations.

Economic Prosperity of the 1920s

The spread of radio and automobiles.

Turning Point for American Women in the Twenties

Women were guaranteed the right to vote, wore less restrictive clothing, and enjoyed increased employment opportunities.

Du Bois and Locke

Both looked to the efforts of talented African Americans to overcome racial prejudice.

Stock Market Crash

The event that contributed to the changes from the time of the political cartoon to the conditions shown in the photograph.

Dust Bowl

Mass migration to California and other states.

FDR vs Hoover

Roosevelt believed direct relief was needed to restore demand, differing from Hoover's approach.

National Recovery Administration

This New Deal agency helped businesses draw up their own voluntary codes of fair practice, including standard prices and minimum wages, but was later held to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Domestic effects of World War II

Migration to the West and the North, mandatory rationing, increased employment, enlistment of women, the selling of war bonds, Victory Gardens.

Allied Victory over Germany

Soviets had a larger army, Americans manufactured more weapons, and Germany faced a war on several fronts.

Nuremberg Trials

Trials held after World War II where leaders and accomplices in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, and Crimes against Humanity were accused.

United Nations

Organization founded in 1945 after World War II. Maintains peace-keeping forces to use when necessary. Provides a forum for discussion of world problems.

Truman Speech Communist Overthrow

The threat of a Communist takeover in Greece or Turkey.

The Cold War Creates

An Atmosphere of Suspicion at Home

President Kennedy in September 1961

President Kennedy addressing the building of the Berlin Wall to separate East and West Berlin.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The world came close to a nuclear war.

Brown v. Board of Education

Segregated schools were by their nature unequal because they gave African-American children a sense of inferiority.

Dr. King and the Abyss of Despair

Engaging in marches, boycotts, and non-violent civil disobedience.

Organizations for Independent Actions

Black Panthers and SNCC after 1967

Important Gain for Women in the 1970s

Passage of the Equal Opportunity in Education Act, known as Title IX

Domino Theory

They feared if South Vietnam fell to Communists, other countries in Southeast Asia would also do so.

Domestic Critics of the Vietnam War

The U.S. government had misrepresented facts about the war to the American public.

President Nixon's Policy of Détente

To decrease tensions with the Soviet Union

Cesar Chavez

Proposed unionization as an answer for the problems of migrant farm workers

Immigration Reform Act of 1986

The law would have been favored by Speaker 1 but opposed by Speaker 2.

Florida's Tourism Industry

Tourism and the migration of retirees from other states to Florida greatly increased.

Department of Homeland Security

Coordinate federal agencies in the fight against terrorism