Sports Medicine Medical Terms

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43 Terms

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Body Planes

Divisions of the body used to describe locations and movements.

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Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back.

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Transverse Plane

Divides the body into upper and lower portions.

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Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right halves.

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Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle of a joint.

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Extension

Movement that increases the angle of a joint.

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Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

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Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

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Horizontal Abduction

Movement of the shoulder joint away from the midline with the arm at 90 degrees.

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Horizontal Adduction

Movement of the shoulder joint toward the midline with the arm at 90 degrees.

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Circumduction

Movement of a limb in a circular pattern.

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External (Lateral) Rotation

Rotation of a limb away from the midline.

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Internal (Medial) Rotation

Rotation of a limb toward the midline.

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Depression

Movement of a body part downward in a frontal plane.

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Elevation

Movement of a body part upward in a frontal plane.

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Retraction

Movement of scapulas pulled together.

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Protraction

Movement of a body part forward in a transverse plane.

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Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces backward.

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Supination

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces upward.

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Ulnar Deviation

Wrist movement towards the ulna.

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Radial Deviation

Wrist movement towards the radius.

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Dorsiflexion

Movement of the foot toward the body (ankle motion).

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Plantar Flexion

Movement of the ankle that involves pointing the foot downwards.

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Inversion

Movement that turns the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline of the body.

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Eversion

Movement that turns the sole of the foot outward.

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Lateral Flexion

Side bending of the trunk in the frontal plane.

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Thumb Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch each finger.

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Anatomical Position

Positioning of the body when it is upright, arms hanging and palms forward.

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Posterior (Dorsal)

Nearer to the back, on the back of the body.

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Anterior (Ventral)

Nearer to the front, on the front of the body.

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Inferior

Below; away from the head (caudal).

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Superior

Above; closer to the head (cranial).

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Deep

Away from the surface.

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Superficial

Closer to the surface.

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Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

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Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

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Supine

Lying flat with the face upward.

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Prone

Lying flat with the face downward.

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Proximal

Nearest to the point of attachment or origin.

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Distal

Furthest away from the point of attachment or origin.

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Palmar

The palm, front of the hand.

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Plantar

The sole of the foot.

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Vertical

Going from up to down