Motor Speech Disorders: dysarthria

Flashcards summarizing key concepts related to motor speech disorders, particularly dysarthria and its different types.

Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury that affects the muscles used in speech.

Spastic Dysarthria

A type of dysarthria characterized by muscle rigidity, resulting from damage to the upper motor neurons.

Flaccid Dysarthria

A type of dysarthria characterized by muscle weakness, resulting from damage to the lower motor neurons.

Ataxic Dysarthria

A type of dysarthria characterized by reduced movement control, resulting from damage to the cerebellar system.

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

A type of dysarthria characterized by reduced movement, often associated with extrapyramidal system damage.

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

A type of dysarthria characterized by excessive involuntary movement, often related to issues with the extrapyramidal system.

Mixed Dysarthria

A type of dysarthria involving multiple motor systems, showing characteristics of more than one type of dysarthria.

common causes of dysarthria

• Stroke

• Brain injury

• Tumors

• Cerebral palsy

• Parkinson’s disease

• ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)

• Huntington’s disease

• Multiple sclerosis

• Medications

What does dysarthria cause?

A: Weakness, paralysis, or incoordination of the speech muscles.

hypertonia (spastic dysarthria) is most common in ?

Most commonly strokes and degenerative diseases (e.g., CP, MS, PSP).

Source of damage in spastic dysarthria?

Bilateral upper motor neuron damage.

What causes dysmetria / ataxic dysarthria

Damage to the cerebellum

What is dysmetria?

Slow, inaccurate, clumsy voluntary movements.

What causes hypokinetic dysarthria?

Damage in/around the basal ganglia; often Parkinson’s disease.