was the major turning point in history that modernized our world as we know it.
Steam power and machine technology improved efficiency and productivity, leading to great economic growth.
The production of textiles was the first to become a mechanized factory system. Textiles were made fast at a low cost.
Industrial Revolution
Made weaving the weft threads from side to side faster.
FLYING SHUTTLE by John Kay (1733)
POWER LOOM (1786)
SPINNING JENNY (1765)
the first computer, by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804.
The fabric designs can be programmable using a series of punch cards.
JACQUARD LOOM
by Elias Howe in 1846
controversy with Isaac Singer with the patent
SEWING MACHINE
from coal-tar waste
discovered by William Henry Perkin in 1856
ANLINE DYES
first synthetic dye
PERKIN’S PURPLE
spins viscose into yarns
SPINNERET
In 1870s, the silkworm disease led to semi-synthetic fibers. What synthetic fiber mimics the silk?
CHARDONNET SILK
What century is the Victorian period?
19th century (1800s)
Dominated by men, business and industry required serious work.
Hence, modern menswear abandoned adornment, fashion and color.
Great Male Renunciation
What is the reason behind the serious yet sporty sophisticated fashion influence for men during the Victorian period?
Enlightenment influence
a dandy who redefined sophistication for men
BEAU BRUMMELL
neckwear
CRAVAT
made of felt fabric
TOP HAT
trousers
PANTALOONS
suit jacket
TAILCOAT
period before Victorian; known for high-waisted fashion
REGENCY ERA
men’s formal long coat
FROCK COAT (1830-40s)
the modern three-piece suit
INFORMAL SUIT
most formal suit
TUXEDO
turns into necktie
ASCOT
RIDING HABIT dress
difference of boots in 1800s
buttoned or laced up boots
a riot against power looms replacing human jobs
LUDDITE RIOTS
a union revolution against injustice and low wages
CANUTS REVOLT
made cleaning cotton faster, but worsened slavery
because human workers have to make their labor cheap to keep up with the machine hence slavery
COTTON GIN (1793)
dangerous working conditions; ended in 1938
dahil mga bata lang ang kasya to clean the inside of the machines
CHILD LABOR
a flammable fabric
FLANELLETTE
tutus that uses a flammable fabric called flanellette
BOBBINET TULLE
used a poisonous green dye
ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS
poisonous dye due to arsenic content
SCHEELE’S GREEN
What is used to preserve the feathers in the hat?
ARSENIC SALT
What is used to soften felt fabric of the top hat?
MERCURY NITRATE
“Dialogue between Fashion and Death” by Giacomo Leopardi, 1824
An artistic and intellectual movement in the late 1700s- 1850s
ROMANTICISM (1700s - 1850s)
valued emotion over rationality, and sought sentimentality and the sublime – evoking awe, wonder and dread
reaction to the Industrial Revolution — nostalgia for nature, rural, and the past — untouched by urban decay
Design inspirations were taken from past cultural and historical clothing. Fashion became
cyclical and referential.
ROMANTICISM
Women were romanticized as meek and precious beings.
Fashion was a woman’s pursuit – overtly feminine and doll-like.
LIGHT OF THE HOME
hides the face
BONNET (1810s)
bust-length jacket
SPENCER JACKET
dainty cape
PELERINE
support for puffed sleeves
SLEEVE SUPPORTS
tiered skirt and sleeves
PAGODA STYLE
wide-hoopskirt of the Victorian period
CRINOLINE (1850s)
era when the back in dresses was emphasized
BUSTLE ERA (1870s)
form-fitting bodice
CUIRASS
cage to emphasize the back
BUSTLE
made tight lacing possible in corsets
METAL EYELETS
tight-fitting undergarment
CORSET
inspiration and textiles from Japan
JAPONISME
fashion of the Spanish lower class
MAJA DRESS
mantua and robe ala polonaise
ROCOCO REVIVAL
inspired by large Renaissance sleeves
GIGOT SLEEVES
Architecture and art inspired by the High and Late Medieval period
GOTHIC REVIVAL
morbid fascination with death and the grotesque
A form of escapism, Romantic art and literature allowed people to lament and subvert repressive societal norms
satirical
DARK ROMANTICISM (GOTHIC HORROR)
dark and brooding man, after Lord Byron
a type of fictional character who is a moody, brooding rebel, often one haunted by a dark secret from his past.
BYRONIC HERO
victim of diseases were romanticized as pale beauties
CONSUMPTION
fashion for mourning — veiled for a year
FULL MOURNING
dark attire with embellishments
NON-MOURNING FASHION
no veil
but can also wear purple
HALF-MOURNING FASHION
post-mortem mementos
HAIR JEWELRY
fascination with the afterlife
Séance parties: a spiritualist meeting to receive spirit communications
SPIRITUALISM
How did Isabella II survived an assassination using her clothing?
BONING OF THE CORSET