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Desirable traits for health careers
Strong desire to help others, genuine concern for patients, patience, emotional maturity
Importance of understanding roles of other health professionals
Collaborative attitude, each contributes to care of individual patients
Health careers for people who enjoy working with others
Nursing, medicine, dentistry, dietetics, social work, physical therapy, recreational therapy, occupational therapy
Health careers with limited patient contact
Laboratory technicians, health information technicians
Categories of healthcare occupations
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations, Healthcare Support Occupations, Community and Social Service Occupations
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations
Clinical care (Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners) and support work (Health Technologists and Technicians)
Educational requirement for practitioners
Graduate degree and licensure
Examples of practitioners' occupations
Physicians, registered nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, audiologists, speech-language pathologists, dieticians, chiropractors, physical therapists, occupational therapists
Examples of health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, diagnostic-related technologists and technicians, licensed practical and vocational nurses, dietetic or pharmacy technicians
Health Support Occupations
Largest number of health care workers
Examples of health support occupations
Home health and personal care aides, nursing assistants, medical assistants, dental assistants, massage therapists, phlebotomists, occupational and physical therapy assistants and aides
Educational requirements for health support occupations
On-the-job training, postsecondary certification, or associate's degree
Community and Social Service Occupations
Professionals working in healthcare settings
Examples of community and social service occupations
Social workers, substance abuse/behavioral disorders/mental health counselors, health education
Work settings for community and social service workers
Hospitals, clinics, public health settings
Educational requirements for community and social service occupations
Bachelor's degree
Support personnel in community and social service occupations
Community health workers, social service assistants
Educational requirements for social service support personnel
High school diploma, on-the-job training
Lack of diversity in the healthcare workforce
The healthcare workforce in the US lacks diversity
Percentage of healthcare workers who are women
75%
Healthcare occupations with majority of men
Dentists, chiropractors, physicians, optometrists, emergency medical technicians (EMTs)
Healthcare occupations with lowest representation of men
Dental hygienists, speech-language pathologists
Racial and ethnic distribution of healthcare workforce
76% White, 13% Black, 6% Asian
Benefit of a diverse healthcare workforce
Improvement in communication, greater access to healthcare for minority patients
Responsibility of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Monitoring the diversity of the healthcare workforce, providing financial support for students
Number of jobs in healthcare in 2018
18 million jobs
Projected number of new jobs in healthcare between 2019 and 2029
2.4 million new jobs
Percentage increase in demand for healthcare personnel between 2019 and 2029
15%
Reasons for expected demand for healthcare workers
Longer life expectancy, aging of the Baby Boomers
Healthcare practitioners needed to manage
Chronic diseases, personal care assistance for seniors
Healthcare occupations projected to grow
Substance abuse/behavioral disorders/mental health counselors, physician assistants, speech-language pathologists, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, home health and personal care aides, physical and occupational therapy assistants
Healthcare support occupations with low educational requirements and salaries
Occupations in the Healthcare Support category
Healthcare occupations with higher educational requirements and salaries
Licensed practical nurses, registered nurses
Careers with higher salaries
Physician assistants, speech-language pathologists, nurse practitioners, medical and health services managers
Major industries employing healthcare workers
Hospitals, offices of health practitioners, nursing and residential facilities, home health services, outpatient laboratory and other ambulatory services
Work settings for healthcare employees
Offices of physicians, dentists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, hospitals, nursing homes, outpatient services
Outpatient services
Community health centers, substance use disorder and behavioral health clinics
Healthcare support personnel
Nursing and medical assistants
Laboratory services
Medical technologists, technicians, EMTs
Expected decrease in jobs in hospitals
To decrease the cost of healthcare delivery
Expected increase in job growth in home health care services
As older adults seek ways to remain in their homes
Concentration of healthcare jobs
Metropolitan areas
Largest single employer of health workers
Hospitals
Factors influencing mix of health workers needed by hospitals
Size, location, goals, funding, organization, management style
Specialty hospitals
Limited to specific illnesses or conditions
Rehabilitation hospitals
Specialize in care after spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurological disorder, chronic pain
Pulmonary care hospitals
Specialize in care of patients requiring ventilator support
Typical work hours for nurses and nursing assistants
12-hour shifts, 7am - 7pm, three days a week
Work shifts for clinical laboratory workers
Day, evening, or night shift
Office of health practitioners
Employ Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners with high levels of education
Occupations in Health Technologists and Technicians
Dental hygienists, licensed practical nurses
Alternative medicine occupations
Acupuncturists, massage therapists, homeopaths, hypnotherapists, naturopaths
Number of residents in nursing homes and assisted living facilities
1.2 million in nursing homes, 811,500 in assisted-living facilities
Services provided by nursing care facilities
Inpatient nursing, rehabilitation, health-related personal care
Services provided by residential or assisted-living facilities
Around-the-clock social and personal care, skilled bedside nursing, assistance with activities of daily living
Fastest-growing healthcare industry
Home health care services
Services provided by home health care
Skilled nursing or medical care to older adults under physician's supervision
Healthcare workers in home care setting
Registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, home health and personal care aides, nursing assistants
Examples of ambulatory care services
Blood drawing, sonograms, radiation therapy
Outpatient medical and diagnostic laboratories
Employ clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, radiological technologists, cardiovascular technologists, diagnostic medical sonographers, nuclear medicine technologists, magnetic resonance imaging technologists
Additional work settings for healthcare workers
Orthotists and prosthetists, blood banks, dental laboratories, family planning services, health education, public health departments, poison control centers, community mental health centers, migrant health programs, community health centers, voluntary health agencies, federal government branches
Maldistribution of health personnel
Unequal distribution of health workers across different regions and communities
Government efforts to increase diversity and providers in underserved communities
Designating Health Professional Shortage Areas, providing funds to accredited health professions schools
National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program
Repaying student loans for primary care providers in underserved communities
Programs available for student loans
State Loan Repayment Program, NHSC LRP, other loan repayment programs
Strategies for career exploration
Interviewing health workers, visiting laboratories, asking about facility philosophy
Homework for exploring healthcare careers
Viewing video clips, visiting schools, getting part-time job or volunteer work, investigating jobs
Questions to ask when selecting a school
Will the school prepare me for my career? What is the cost of education and sources of financial support?
Licensure
State license, qualification to give health services
Certification
Voluntary, establishes level of competence in field
Registration
Listing of certified health professionals on official roster
Healthcare occupations for people working with their hands
Dental technicians, ophthalmic technicians, biomedical equipment technicians, orthotists and prosthetists
Healthcare occupations for people interested in working with machines
Respiratory therapists, radiologic technologists
Healthcare careers for artists, musicians, or professional dancers
Arts and psychotherapy
Healthcare careers for people who want to work with people
Nursing, medicine, dentistry, dietetics, optometry, social work, rehabilitation, mental health
Common assumptions about working in healthcare
Not wanting to work around sick people, needing science and math, long and expensive training
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