Understanding Distributions and Graphs

This set of flashcards covers essential terms and concepts related to understanding distributions, graphs, and data analysis as discussed in Chapter Two.

Frequency Distribution

A type of distribution that breaks values into categories or classes and counts how many times a data value falls into each class.

Class

Different categories into which values are divided in a frequency distribution.

Lower Class Limit

The smallest number in a class range.

Upper Class Limit

The largest number in a class range.

Class Width

The size or interval of a class calculated by subtracting two subsequent lower class limits.

Class Boundary

The breaking point between two classes found by taking the halfway point between the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the next.

Midpoint

The halfway point between the lower and upper class limits, calculated by averaging the two.

Histogram

A graph that displays the frequency of a class using bar heights; bars touch to indicate continuous data.

Pie Chart

A circular graph where the size of each wedge represents the percentage or number of individuals in a category.

Bar Graph

A graph that uses bars to represent the frequency or amount of individual categories.

Stem and Leaf Plot

A graphic display that organizes data values while retaining the original data; uses stems and leaves for representation.

Skewed Left Distribution

A distribution where most data points are on the right side and there is a tail on the left, indicating fewer small values.

Skewed Right Distribution

A distribution where most data points are on the left side and there is a tail on the right, indicating fewer large values.

Symmetric Distribution

A distribution where the left and right sides are mirror images of each other.

Distribution Shape

The general form or structure of a distribution depicted in graphs like histograms.