Rome Unit

#1

Latium

#2

Etruria

#3

Campania

#4

Samnium

#5

Lucania

#6

Apulia

#7

Brutium

#8

Calabria

#9

Adriatic Sea

#10

Umbria

#11

Tynhenian sea

#12

Picenum

Aedile

Funded public works such as roads, organized festivals, and ran the public grain supply

Military Tribune

6 officers attached to a legion that served as military aides to generals of the Roman army

Tribune of Plebs

Was meant to protect the commoners from the nobles, could veto any law

Quaestor

Lowest office of the cursus honorum, served as aides to higher officials, and as quartermasters

Praetor

Served as judges in the law courts and commanded provinces

Consul

Ran the government, had imperium

Imperium

Power to raise armies, punish citizens, consult omens; held by consuls and praetors

Censor

Determined the social position of the Roman people and position in Senate, leased public lands

Dictator

Emergency office with absolute power, appointed by Consul or Senate

Master of the horse

Second in command to the dictator, appointed by the dictator

Interrex

Selected in the event of both consuls’ death while in office

Curiate Assembly

Patrician population divided by family clans; ratified elections of consuls and praetors

Centuriate Assembly

People divided into centuries by wealth; declared war; elected consuls, praetors, censors; passed laws

Tribal Assembly

people divided into tribes by residence; elected quaestors, curule aediles, and military tribunes; tried judicial cases

Plebian council

plebian population; elected tribunes of plebs & plebian aediles; passed laws

Augurs

Priests who interpret signs

Aquilifer

Standard bearer for a legion

Auspices

Natural phenomena thought to reveal signs from the gods

Century

group of approximately 90 soldiers; 2 to a maniple

Cohort

Group of approximately 400 soldiers; 10 to a legion

Legion

main unit of the Roman army; approximately 4000 to 6000 soldiers; 2 Roman legions and 2 auxiliary legions

Pontifex Maximus

Most important position in religion, chief high priest

Flamen Dialis

High priest of Jupiter

Talent

Weight of measurement for precious metals of 55-60 pounds

Patrician

Member of one of the descendants of the original Senators of Rome

Maniple

Unit of the army consisting of 2 legions; 3 to a cohort

Ovation

lesser triumph; general parades through city on horseback with his army

Triumph

highest ceremonial parade of Roman general leading army on a 4-horse chariot, only given to the emperor and his family

Corona Muralis

‘wall crown’ award for first soldier over an enemy wall

Auctoritas

Influence or prestige

Census

Assigned men to their social class and century in comitia centuriata and tribe in comitia tributa; determined membership in the Senate

Consul Suffectus

elected to serve out the term of a consul who dies in office (unless both die)

Curia

Senate’s meeting place; not a particular location

Cursus Honorum

‘path of the offices’; sequence of offices held by Roman politician; quaestor to praetor to consul

Fasti

Calendar or poem by Ovid, showing festivals and other events and magistrate

Imperator

victorious Roman leader; declared by soldiers; only available to princeps, also declared by soldiers proclaiming their leader emperor

Imperium Maius

emperor’s imperium, also sometimes granted to his successor, supersedes that of any other holder

Imperium pro consule/praetore

consular or praetorian imperium held by someone not in office

Legate

envoy or commissioner appointed by the princeps or army staff officer

Magistrate

State official

Pontifex

Member of a college of priests

Prefect

Roman officers in command of auxiliary troops and certain areas of the empire

Princeps

Unofficial title of emporer

Principate

term for the Roman Empire from Augustus to Diocletian

Privatus

a man not holding a magistracy

Prorogue

prolonging imperium of consul or praetor after end of term

Province

sphere in which a magistrate holds imperium

Senate

Advisory body made up of former consuls, praetors, and quaestors; determined domestic and foreign policy, province allocation

Senatus consultum

Decree of the senate

Tribunicia potestas

‘power of the tribune’, the power of tribunes exercised by the emperor and sometimes his successor

Parentalia

9 day festival in February celebrating deceased family members

Conubium

legal right to marry. Only marriages between citizens were legal. Members of senatorial class could not marry freed slaves

Affectio Maritalis

'marital affection'; desire to live together as husband and wife

Grammaticus

First stage teacher

Rhetor

Second stage teacher

First king of Rome

Romulus: Founded Rome and established the Senate

Second king of Rome

Numa Pompilius: Established the vestal virgins, set up the Roman calendar

Third king of Rome:

Tullus Hostilius: Military achievements, killed by lighting due to improper religious rites

Fourth king of Rome

Ancus Martius: Established port of Ostia, first Roman prison

Fifth king of Rome

Tarquinius Priscus: First Etruscan king, construction of first sewer system and race track

Sixth king of Rome

Servius Tullius: Constructed wall around Rome, established census

Seventh king of Rome

Tarquinius Superbus: Tyrannical ruler, sons’ rape of Lucretia led to overthrowing of monarchy

Lupercalia

Festival in honor of Pan and the wolf who raised Romulus and Remus, priests ran through crowds naked and whipped nearby women

Saturnalia

Festival in December where roles between slaves and masters were reversed

Lares

Spirits that protected the house and material items of the household

Penates

Spirits that watched over members of the family

Janus

God of gates, doorways, and time

Quirinus

God that Romulus becomes when he dies, may have been a Sabine war god

#2

Syracuse

#3

Sardinia

#4

Corsica

#10

Sicily

Tanaquil

Wife of 5th king of Rome, secured the throne for her son in law by shutting the palace down and summoning him

Sextus Tarquinius

Son of the last king of Rome, assaulted Lucretia who then caused the downfall of the Tarquinius family

Lucius Junius Brutus

Nephew and bodyguard of the last king, led a revolt against the king for his sons assault of Lucretia

Lars Porsena

Etruscan king of the city of Clusium, tried to invade Rome

Horatius Cocles

Was able to hold the Etruscans off long enough to defend the only bridge into Rome, long enough for the Romans to destroy it

Gaius Mucius Scaevola

Because the Etruscans couldn’t get into Rome they pillaged the surrounding countryside, he offered to go and kill Lars Porsena

Aequi

Italian tribe who frequently fought Rome, joined the Etruscans and the Volsci to attack Rome

Which Punic war was fought mostly on water?

First

Which battle ended the second Punic war?

Battle of Zama

Which battle ended the Antigonid dynasty?

Battle of Pydna

How many Punic wars did Carthage win?

None

Which battle did Hasdrubal die in?

Killed by Nero and Livius at the Battle of Metaurus, while bringing reinforcements to Hannibal

Who shadowed Hannibal around Italy?

Quintus Fabius Maximus

Who led the Roman attack on Syracuse during the second Punic war, known as the sword of Rome?

M. Claudius Marcellus

Battle of Trasimene

217 BCE battle in which Hannibal caught a Roman army, led by G. Flaminius, while marching along a lake and annihilated the Roman army

Battle of Zama

202 BCE battle that saw P. Cornelius Scipio defeat Hannibal ending the 2nd Punic War