Types of Research and Correlational Research

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to types of research, specifically focusing on correlational research.

Descriptive Research

Research that provides information in a systematic fashion but is not designed to test hypotheses.

Correlational Research

Research that assesses the relationship between two variables without manipulating them.

Experimental Research

Research designed to establish cause and effect by manipulating one or more variables.

Quasi-Experimental Research

Research similar to experimental research but does not use random assignment.

Single-Case Research

An in-depth analysis of a small non-random sample.

Correlation Coefficient

A statistic that indicates the degree to which two variables are related, ranging from -1.00 to 1.00.

Positive Correlation

A relationship where as one variable increases, the other also increases.

Negative Correlation

A relationship where as one variable increases, the other decreases.

No Correlation

Indicates that there is no relationship between two variables.

Spurious Correlation

A false relationship between two variables that is actually caused by a third variable.

What is the correlation coefficient?

The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure that describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

What is the Pearson correlation coefficient?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is a specific type of correlation coefficient that measures the linear relationship between two continuous variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

What does a Pearson correlation coefficient of 1 indicate?

A Pearson correlation coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship between two variables.

What does a Pearson correlation coefficient of -1 indicate?

A Pearson correlation coefficient of -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship between two variables.

What does a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0 indicate?

A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no linear relationship between the two variables.

What does it mean if 'X causes Y'?

If 'X causes Y', it means that changes in variable X lead to changes in variable Y.

What is the concept of 'Y causes X'?

If 'Y causes X', it suggests that changes in variable Y lead to changes in variable X, indicating a reverse causation.

What is a third variable in the context of causation?

A third variable is an external factor that can influence both X and Y, potentially leading to a spurious relationship between them.

What is a spurious relationship?

A spurious relationship is a correlation between two variables that is actually caused by the presence of a third variable rather than a direct