P6 molecules and matter

how do you measure the density of an object

measure its mass and volume and then use the density equation

how are particles in a solid positioned

held together in fixed positions, least energetic of all of the states, don’t move around

how are particles in a liquid positioned

move about randomly, in contact with one another, more energetic than solid particles

how are particles in a gas arranged

move about randomly and are far apart, most energetic

what happens to a particles mass when it changes state

its mass stays the same because the number of particles stays the same

when does evaporation occur in a liquid

happens from the surface of a liquid when its temperature is below its boiling point

what does the flat section of a temperature time graph show

melting or boiling point of a substance

what happens to a substance when you increase its temperature

its internal energy increases

what happens when a substance is heated

the kinetic energy of the particles increases, and if it melts or boils the potential energy increases

what causes the pressure of a gas on a surface

the particles of gas repeatedly hit the surface

what is latent heat

the energy needed for a substance to change its state without changing its temperature

what is specific latent heat of fusion

the energy needed to melt or boil 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature

what is the pressure of gas caused by

random impacts of gas molecules on surfaces that are in contact with the gas

what happens when the temperature of a gas in a sealed container increases

the molecules move faster so they hit the surfaces with more force, the number of impacts on the surfaces increases, the total force of the impacts increases

why does the temperature of a gas increase rapidly when it is compressed

work is done on it and the energy isn’t transferred quickly enough to its surroundings