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Target Audience
The specific group of people that a non-fiction text is aimed at, such as the general public, specialists, or young people.
Rhetorical Questions
Questions asked for effect that do not require an answer, used to engage the audience.
Overt Bias
Clearly stated opinions or preferences in a text that indicate the writer's slant.
Context of Reception
How a non-fiction text is perceived and understood by its original audience and a modern audience.
Emotional Appeals
The use of emotional language to persuade readers, often prioritizing feelings over reasoned arguments.
Selective Use of Evidence
Presenting only the evidence that supports the writer's viewpoint while ignoring contradictory information.
Figurative Language
Language that employs metaphors, similes, or other figures of speech for effect, enhancing meaning beyond the literal.
Formal
Serious, objective, respectful, avoids slang and contractions, complex sentence structures.
Informal
Casual, conversational, friendly, uses slang and contractions, simpler sentence structures.
Ironic
Subtle form of sarcasm, involves a contrast between expectation and reality, can be humorous or critical.
Personification
Makes inanimate objects or abstract concepts seem alive and relatable, can create humor or emphasize a particular quality.
Hyperbole
Exaggeration for emphasis.
Anecdotes
Short, engaging stories used to illustrate a point.
Statistics
Numerical data used to support claims.
Headings and subheadings
How do they guide the reader and organize information?
Subtle Bias
Less obvious, conveyed through word choice, selection of information, or tone.
To Inform
To present facts, explain, educate, or provide information.
To Persuade
To convince the reader to agree with a viewpoint or take action.
To Argue
To present a case for or against a particular idea or issue, often with reasoned evidence.
To Advise
To offer guidance, recommendations, or suggestions.
To Entertain
To amuse, engage, or provide enjoyment (though non-fiction often has other primary purposes alongside entertainment).
To Describe
To create a vivid picture of a person, place, event, or idea.
To Reflect
To share personal thoughts, experiences, or insights.
