כאבי ראש

cephalalgia

headache. a symptom of a problem and not a disease itself

trigeminal nerve

pain from a headache is caused by the triggering of which nerve?

causes of headaches

an organ, stress, vasodilation, muscle tension, tension headache, inflammation

cranial arteritis

inflammation of blood vessels in the brain

primary cephalalgia

a headache that doesn't have an organic cause

migraine, cluster headache, tension headache

the 3 types of primary cephalalgia

secondary cephalalgia

headache caused by a physical illness

anti HTN, MAO inhibitors

types of medications that can cause headaches

hypertension

HTN

tension headache

a headache located at the back of the head; usually caused by body tension resulting from overwork or psychological stress

cluster headache

a headache located around the eye

migraine

a headache with pain on one side of the face. It is an ongoing occurence with symptoms including a headache.

4-72 hours

a migraine usually lasts anywhere between

Aura

a sensation that precedes the onset of certain disorders such as a migraine attack or epileptic seizure

vasodilation

in a migraine, nerve awakening causes _____ which will lead to inflammation, neurotransmitter and prostaglandin secretion

pain

in a migraine, neurotransmitter release will lead to a feeling of ____

swelling

the release of prostaglandins during a migraine causes _____

visual and sensual

2 types of auras

with aura, without aura, atypical

the 3 main types of migraines

phase 1 of a classic migraine

the appearance of an aura

phase 2 of a classic migraine

a throbbing and strong headache, one sided, accompanied by nausea and vomiting

phase 3 of a classic migraine

weakening of headache pain

status migrainusus

a type of atypical migraine that is considered any migraine that lasts more than 72 hours

chronic migraine

migraines that occur more than 2 times per week or 15 days per month

preventive medication for migraines

NSAIDs, beta blockers, Ca blockers, botox, CGRP blockers, marijuana, healthy life style

botox

destroys the ends of nerves where the connect to the muscles therefore preventing the muscles from contracting

aborative treatment for migraines

triptons, ergotamines, ditans, CGRP antagonists

triptons

agonists for serotonin. the cause vasoconstriction and decrease inflammation and pain. They can cause hypertension and muscle pain

ergotamines

constrict smooth muscles in blood vessels causing vasoconstriction

DITANs

activate a serotonin specific receptor without causing vasoconstriction

CGRP-r anatagonists

drugs that block the CGRP receptor that spreads pain in the blood vessels and head

when a deeper check into headache cause should be done

if the patient with migraines is over 50, has a history of seizures, has a significant change in their symptoms

woman

migraines are more common in

tension type headache

is more chronic but less severe than a migraine. it is caused by physical tension or mental stress the lead to constriction of neck muscles

treatment for a tension headache

anti-pain meds, massage, muscle relaxers, antidepressants, healthy life style, exercise, meditation

cluster headache

a headache surrounding the eye . vasodilation in the eye area accompanied by tears

men

cluster headaches are more common in ___

15 minutes-3 hours

how long can a cluster headache last

red flags in headaches

sudden onset of headache, signs of ICP, headache accompanied by other symptoms like a fever or seizures, a headache in a papilledema patient, a cancer patient, or a pregnant woman