Org Chem Lab: Quiz 1 (Lesson 1)

Chemistry

Branch of Science that deals with matter.

Organic compounds

Materials that contain carbon.

Friedrich Wohler

Opposed vitalism and synthesized urea.

Organic Chemistry

Study of properties and reactions of organic compounds.

4

Number of bonds that carbon can form.

3

Number of bonds that nitrogen can form.

2

Number of bonds that oxygen can form.

4

Valence electrons of carbon.

5

Valence electrons of nitrogen.

6

Valence electrons of oxygen.

1

Number of bonds that halogens can form.

7

Valence electrons of halogens.

Expanded/Kekule structure

All atoms and bonds are written.

Condensed structure

Single bonds are omitted.

Skeletal structure

Uses lines to represent chemical formula.

Points

Represent carbon atoms in the skeletal formula.

Lone electrons

Unbonded electrons.

Lone pair

Pair of unbonded electrons.

Parentheses

Indicates an enclosed group of atoms.

Framework

Can be linear, branched, or cyclic.

Linear

Framework of carbon atoms that forms a line.

Branched

Framework of carbon atoms that are extended outwards.

Cyclic

Framework of carbon atoms that form a closed figure.

Composition

Can either be carbocyclic or heterocyclic.

Carbocyclic

A composition that only contains carbon atoms.

Heterocyclic

A composition that contains carbon atoms and other pure substances.

Number of rings

Can be monocyclic, dicyclic, tricyclic, etc.

Saturation

Can either be saturated or unsaturated.

Saturated

A type of saturation in which carbon atoms form single bonds.

Unsaturated

A type of saturation in which carbon atoms form two or more bonds.

Unsaturated

Can be conjugated, cumulated, or isolated.

Conjugated

Double or triple bonds of carbon which are separated by a single carbon bond.

Cumulated

Adjacent double bond of carbon atoms.

Isolated

Double or triple bonds of carbon are separated by two single carbon bonds.

Single carbon bond

Alkane.

Double carbon bond

Alkene.

Triple carbon bond

Alkyne.

Hydrocarbons

Alkane, alkene, and alkyne.

R-OH

Alcohol and hydroxyl group.

R-O-R

Ether and alkoxy group.

R-SH

Thiol and sulfhydryl group.

R-S-R

Thioether.

R-NH2

Amine and amino group.

Aromatic compound

Benzene ring.

R-X

Alkyl halide and halo group.