Org Chem Lab: Quiz 1 (Lesson 1)

Chemistry - branch of Science that deals with matter

Organic compounds - materials that contain carbon

Friedrich Wohler - he opposed vitalism and synthesized urea

Organic Chemistry - study of properties and reactions of organic compounds

4 - number of bonds that carbon can form

3 - number of bonds that nitrogen can form

2 - number of bonds that oxygen can form

4 - valence electrons of carbon

5 - valence electrons of nitrogen

6 - valence electrons of oxygen

1 - number of bonds that halogens can form

7 - valence electrons of halogens

6 - valence electrons of oxygen

1 - number of bonds that halogens can form

7 - valence electrons of halogens

Expanded/Kekule structure - all atoms and bonds are written

Condensed structure - single bonds are omitted

Skeletal structure - uses lines to represent chemical formula

Points - they represent carbon atoms in the skeletal formula

Lone electrons - unbonded electrons

Lone pair - pair of unbonded electrons

Parentheses - indicates an enclosed group of atoms

Framework - can be linear, branched, or cyclic

Linear - framework of carbon atoms that forms a line

Branched - framework of carbon atoms that are extended outwards

Cyclic - framework of carbon atoms that form a closed figure

Composition - can either be carbocyclic or heterocyclic

Carbocyclic - a composition that only contains carbon atoms

Heterocyclic - a composition that contains carbon atoms and other pure substances

Number of rings - can be monocyclic, dicyclic, tricyclic, etc.

Saturation - can either be saturated or unsaturated

Saturated - a type of saturation in which carbon atoms form single bonds

Unsaturated - a type of saturation in which carbon atoms form double or triple bonds

Unsaturated - can be conjugated, cumulated, or isolated

Conjugated - double or triple bonds of carbon which are separated by a single carbon bond

Cumulated - adjacent double bond of carbon atoms

Isolated - double or triple bonds of carbon are separated by two single carbon bonds

Single carbon bond = alkane

Double carbon bond = alkene

Triple carbon bond = alkyne

Hydrocarbons - alkane, alkene, and alkyne

R-OH: alcohol and hydroxyl group

R-O-R: ether and alkoxy group

R-SH: thiol and sulfhydryl group

R-S-R: thioether

R-NH2: amine and amino group

Aromatic compound = benzene ring

R-X: alkyl halide and halo group