Metamorphic Rocks

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27 Terms

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How are metamorphic rocks produced

  • Created from parent rock (protolith) through increased temperature, pressure, and fluid volume.

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Metamorphic Agents

  • heat,

  • pressure

  • hydrothermal fluids

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Metamorphic textures

  • Foliated

  • Non-foliated

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Foliated Rocks

created in areas undergoing regional metamorphism

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Metamorphic GRADE

  • Low Grade-little heat and pressure

  • Low to Medium Grade- slight heat and pressure

  • Medium Grade- moderate heat and pressure

  • High Grade- high heat and pressure

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Non-foliated rocks

  • Created in areas undergoing Contact metamorphism

    • Small scale-localized events, no directional stresses

  • OR when protolith is compositionally uniform

  • No alignment (e.g., marble, quartzite)

<ul><li><p>Created in areas undergoing <strong>Contact metamorphism</strong></p><ul><li><p>Small scale-localized events, no directional stresses</p></li></ul></li><li><p>OR when protolith is compositionally uniform</p></li><li><p>No alignment (e.g., marble, quartzite)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Slate

  • Foliated

  • LOW GRADE

  • From shale or mudstone

<ul><li><p>Foliated</p></li><li><p>LOW GRADE</p></li><li><p>From shale or mudstone</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Phyllite

  • Foliated

  • Low to Medium grade

  • From Slate

<ul><li><p>Foliated</p></li><li><p>Low to Medium grade</p></li><li><p>From Slate</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Schist

  • Foliated

  • medium-high grade

  • Phyllite

<ul><li><p>Foliated</p></li><li><p>medium-high grade</p></li><li><p>Phyllite</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Gneiss

  • Foliated

  • High grade

  • Schist, granite, shale

<ul><li><p>Foliated</p></li><li><p>High grade</p></li><li><p>Schist, granite, shale</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Hornfels

  • Non-foliated

  • No grade (contact metamorphism)

  • Shale

<ul><li><p>Non-foliated</p></li><li><p>No grade (contact metamorphism)</p></li><li><p>Shale</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Quartzite

  • Non-foliated

  • medium-high grade

  • Sandstone

<ul><li><p>Non-foliated</p></li><li><p>medium-high grade</p></li><li><p>Sandstone</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Marble

  • Non-foliated

  • Medium-high grade

  • Limestone or dolostone

<ul><li><p>Non-foliated</p></li><li><p>Medium-high grade</p></li><li><p>Limestone or dolostone</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Serpentinite

  • Usually non-foliated

  • Low grade

  • Peridotite

<ul><li><p>Usually non-foliated</p></li><li><p>Low grade</p></li><li><p>Peridotite</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anthracite Coal

  • Non-foliated

  • High grade

  • Bituminous coal

<ul><li><p>Non-foliated</p></li><li><p>High grade</p></li><li><p>Bituminous coal</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is a fault?

break in rocks where movement/displacement has occurred

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Types of faults

  • Normal fault

  • Reverse/Thrust fault

  • Strike Slip fault

  • Oblique Slip Fault

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Normal Fault

  • hanging wall moves down relative to foot wall

  • Extensional environment

<ul><li><p>hanging wall moves down relative to foot wall</p></li><li><p>Extensional environment</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Reverse/Thrust fault

  • hanging wall moves up relative to foot wall

  • Compressional environment

<ul><li><p>hanging wall moves <strong>up </strong>relative to foot wall</p></li><li><p>Compressional environment</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Strike Slip fault

  • No vertical motion, only lateral

  • Left and right

<ul><li><p>No vertical motion, only lateral</p></li><li><p>Left and right </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Oblique Slip fault

  • both vertical and horizontal motion

<ul><li><p>both vertical and horizontal motion</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is a fold?

bends in a rock where forces have been applied over long periods of time

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Types of folds

  • Syncline

  • Anticline

  • Basin

  • Dome

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Syncline fold

  • U shaped

  • youngest rocks in the center

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Anticline fold

  • āˆ© shaped

  • oldest rock in the center

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Basin fold

  • 360 syncline

  • youngest rock in the center

<ul><li><p>360 syncline</p></li><li><p>youngest rock in the center</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Dome fold

  • 360 anticline

  • oldest rocks in the center

<ul><li><p>360 anticline</p></li><li><p>oldest rocks in the center</p></li></ul><p></p>

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