Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways

Flashcards about Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways

__: all of the chemical reactions in an organism

All of the chemical reactions in an organism

Metabolic __: series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or break down complex molecules

Series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or break down complex molecules

__ Pathways: Pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

Pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

__ Pathways: Pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds

Pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds

__: the ability to do work

The ability to do work

__ energy: energy associated with motion

Energy associated with motion

__ energy: stored energy

Stored energy

__ energy: potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

1st Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be or ; energy can be or

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; energy can be transferred or transformed

2nd law of Thermodynamics: Energy transformation increases the __ (disorder) of the universe

Energy transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe

__ reactions: reactions that release energy

Reactions that release energy

__ reactions: reactions that absorb energy

Reactions that absorb energy

__: molecule that organisms use as a source of energy to perform work

Molecule that organisms use as a source of energy to perform work

__: macromolecules that catalyze (speed up) reactions by lowering the activation energy

Macromolecules that catalyze (speed up) reactions by lowering the activation energy

Active __: area for substrate to bind

Area for substrate to bind

__ fit: enzymes will change the shape of their active site to allow the substrate to bind better

Enzymes will change the shape of their active site to allow the substrate to bind better

Enzyme __: non protein molecules that assist enzyme function

Non protein molecules that assist enzyme function

Enzyme __: reduce the activity of specific enzymes

Reduce the activity of specific enzymes

__ inhibitors: reduce enzyme activity by blocking substrates from binding to the active site

Reduce enzyme activity by blocking substrates from binding to the active site

__ inhibitors: bind to an area other than the active site (allosteric site), which changes the shape of the active site preventing substrates from binding

Bind to an area other than the active site (allosteric site), which changes the shape of the active site preventing substrates from binding

Allosteric __: molecules bind (noncovalent interactions) to an allosteric site which changes the shape and function of the active site

Molecules bind (noncovalent interactions) to an allosteric site which changes the shape and function of the active site

Allosteric __: substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so that the active sites remain open

Substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so that the active sites remain open

Allosteric __: substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the enzyme shape so that the active sites are closed (inactive form)

Substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the enzyme shape so that the active sites are closed (inactive form)

__: substrate binds to one active site (on an enzyme with more than one active site) which stabilizes the active form

Substrate binds to one active site (on an enzyme with more than one active site) which stabilizes the active form