APES UNIT 2

ecosystem diversity

the variety of ecosystems within a given region

species

the variety of species within a given ecosystem measured by species richness and evenness

species richness

a measure of species diversity the total number of species in a given area. Ecosystems that have more species are more likely to recover from disruptions

species evenness

if the species are represented relatively (proportions) or if one species in dominating

latitude

climate determines soil types, plant species, and animal species (species influence richness)

time

how long the community has been evolving together (species influence richness)

habitat size

How much space each species need (species influence richness)

distance

from other communities: isolated communities are more diverse

Genetic diversity

the variety of genetics within a given species or population

Bottleneck effect

a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

Ecosystem Service Provisioning

Food, Fresh water, Fuelwood, Fiber, Genetic Resources (products obtained from ecosystems)

Ecosystem Service Regulating

Climate Regulation, Disease Regulation, Water Regulation, Water purification,pollination ( benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes

Ecosystem Service Cultural

spiritual, religious, aesthetic

Range of tolerance

the limits of abiotic conditions species can tolerate

Changes can be periodic

happening in a regular pattern like seasons

Changes can be episodic

happening in an irregular patter (volcanoes)

Changes can be Random

without a pattern

Migration

movement of animals on a seasonal basis

Evolution

is change

Artificial selection

selective breeding

natural selection

survival of the fittest

microevolution

small genetic change that a population undergoes

macroevolution

long term, large scale evolutionary change

deductive reasoning

broad to specific

inductive

specific to board

fitness

individual’s ability to survive and reproduce

adaptation

inherited trait that increases population and survival chances

primary succession

volcanic islands, no soil, bare rock

pioneer species

colonize areas rapidly

linchens

climax community

after succession finishes

secondary succession

areas been disturbed, but no loss of soil

stochastic

an event that is unpredictable