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ecosystem diversity
the variety of ecosystems within a given region
species
the variety of species within a given ecosystem measured by species richness and evenness
species richness
a measure of species diversity the total number of species in a given area. Ecosystems that have more species are more likely to recover from disruptions
species evenness
if the species are represented relatively (proportions) or if one species in dominating
latitude
climate determines soil types, plant species, and animal species (species influence richness)
time
how long the community has been evolving together (species influence richness)
habitat size
How much space each species need (species influence richness)
distance
from other communities: isolated communities are more diverse
Genetic diversity
the variety of genetics within a given species or population
Bottleneck effect
a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size
Ecosystem Service Provisioning
Food, Fresh water, Fuelwood, Fiber, Genetic Resources (products obtained from ecosystems)
Ecosystem Service Regulating
Climate Regulation, Disease Regulation, Water Regulation, Water purification,pollination ( benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes
Ecosystem Service Cultural
spiritual, religious, aesthetic
Range of tolerance
the limits of abiotic conditions species can tolerate
Changes can be periodic
happening in a regular pattern like seasons
Changes can be episodic
happening in an irregular patter (volcanoes)
Changes can be Random
without a pattern
Migration
movement of animals on a seasonal basis
Evolution
is change
Artificial selection
selective breeding
natural selection
survival of the fittest
microevolution
small genetic change that a population undergoes
macroevolution
long term, large scale evolutionary change
deductive reasoning
broad to specific
inductive
specific to board
fitness
individual’s ability to survive and reproduce
adaptation
inherited trait that increases population and survival chances
primary succession
volcanic islands, no soil, bare rock
pioneer species
colonize areas rapidly
linchens
climax community
after succession finishes
secondary succession
areas been disturbed, but no loss of soil
stochastic
an event that is unpredictable