Embryology/Histology Exam 1 TQ’s-Duray(Palmer)

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts related to reproductive biology and early development stages.

Epididymis

Where sperms are transported after leaving the seminiferous tubules.

Primary Oocyte

Diploid cells that begin their first meiotic division before birth but do not complete it until after puberty.

Fertilization & Implantation

Occurs during weeks 0-2 in utero.

Visceral

Relating to the covering of an organ.

Spermatogenesis

The process where mature sperm are produced.

Chiasma

The connection where there is a temporary connection of two chromatids with interchanged segments.

First Meiotic Division

The meiotic division where homologous chromosomes split into two daughter cells, each containing two chromatids.

Spermatogonia

Diploid cells that transform into primary spermatocytes after puberty.

Primary Spermatocytes

Large diploid cells that undergo the first meiotic division to form two haploid secondary spermatocytes.

Oogenesis

The process where mature oocytes are produced.

Fetal Period

What occurs during weeks 9-38 in utero.

Acrosome

Contains enzymes that allow a sperm to penetrate an oocyte.

Adulthood

The period a person transitions into around the age of 18-21.

Secondary Spermatocytes

Cells that undergo the second meiotic division to form two haploid spermatids.

Adolescence

The period from puberty to adulthood.

Primary Oocyte

Develops into a connective tissue covering called the ovarian follicle.

Spermatids

Transform into mature sperm via spermiogenesis.

Infancy

The period known from birth to 1 year of life.

46

The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Oogonia

Diploid cells that get bigger and form primary oocytes before birth.

Second Meiotic Division

The phase of meiosis when a chromosome is split into individual chromatids.

Embryonic Period

The period that spans from weeks 3-8 in utero.

Crossover

A temporary connection of two chromatids with interchanged segments.

Postnatal

Referring to the period after birth.

Prenatal

Referring to the period before birth.

23

The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.

Parietal

Relating to the lining of a cavity.

Before birth

The time when oogenesis begins for females.

Seminiferous Tubules

Where sperms are transported from to get to the epididymis.

Perinatal

Referring to around birth (3rd trimester to 1 month).

Childhood

The period from 1 year to puberty.

Zona Pellucida

The inner layer that surrounds an oocyte.

Fertilized (Mature) Oocyte

A haploid cell that receives almost all the cytoplasm after the second meiotic division.

Corona Radiata

The outer portion that surrounds the oocyte.

Fundus

The rounded part of the uterus that is superior to the entrance of the uterine tube.

Corpus Luteum

Secretes progesterone and prepares the endometrium for implantation.

Secondary Oocyte

Haploid cells that receive the majority of cytoplasm after the first meiotic division.

Zona Pellucida

The amorphous acellular layer that surrounds the oocyte.

Secondary Oocyte

Begins the second meiotic division in females during ovulation.

Ovarian Follicle

Matures each month in females at puberty.

Uterine Part

The portion of the uterine tube that lies within the uterus.

Ovulation

The release of the oocyte from the ovarian follicle.

Second Meiotic Division

Completed when a sperm penetrates a secondary oocyte.

Isthmus

The narrow, constricted portion between the body and cervix.

Body

The main part of the uterus located inferior to the fundus.

Second Polar Body

A small, non-functional byproduct of the second meiotic division that eventually degenerates.

Abdominal Ostium

The opening of the uterine tube nearest the ovaries.

Isthmus

The narrowest external part of the uterine tube, nearest the uterus.

Secondary Oocyte

Must be penetrated by sperm to continue the process of oogenesis.

Ampulla

The longest and widest part of the uterine tube.

Corona Radiata

Follicular cells that surround the oocyte.

First Polar Body

A small, non-functional byproduct of the first meiotic division.

Ampulla

The typical site for fertilization of the oocyte.

Fimbriae

Finger-like projections around the infundibulum that catch the discharged oocyte.

Primary Oocyte

Completes its first meiotic division prior to ovulation.

Infundibulum

The funnel-shaped portion of the uterine tube nearest the ovaries.

LH

Hormone that stimulates the transformation of the empty mature follicle into the corpus luteum after ovulation.

Myometrium

The thick, smooth muscle layer of the uterus.

GnRH

Produced by the hypothalamus and passes to the anterior pituitary gland.

Corpus Luteum

Secretes progesterone and estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation.

Cervical Canal

Extends from the internal os to the external os within the cervix.

Ovulation

The release of the secondary oocyte from the mature follicle.

1

The number of primary follicles that complete the maturation process each cycle.

Functional Layer

The superficial part of the endometrium that sloughs off during menstruation.

Atretic Follicles

Where primary follicles that don't complete the maturation process degrade into.

Basilar Layer

The deep portion of the endometrium that regenerates the functional layer.

Developing Follicle

What each ovarian follicle contains.

Perimetrium

The thin outer peritoneal layer surrounding the uterus.

Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy

Enlarges if fertilization occurs, maintaining the endometrium.

Endometrium

The inner mucosal layer that includes both the functional layer and basilar layer.

FSH

Stimulates primordial follicles to enlarge and secrete estrogen each month.

Corpus Albicans

What replaces the corpus luteum as a white scar on the ovary if fertilization does not occur.

FSH

Hormone that stimulates development of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion.

GnRH

Stimulates the production of FSH and LH.

LH

Hormone that initiates ovulation and the secretion of progesterone.

Ovarian Follicles

Hollow, spheroidal structures within the ovary.

Uterine Cavity

Wide superiorly and narrow inferiorly, lies within the uterus.

Secondary Follicle

Contains a fluid-filled space that enlarges to form an antrum.

LH

Hormone that triggers ovulation.

External Os

The opening of the cervical canal into the vagina.

Primary Follicle

A follicle that has begun to enlarge and contains two layers of cells.

Internal Os

Another name for the isthmus of the cervix.

Cervix

The inferior part of the uterus that extends from the isthmus to the opening of the vagina.

Human Chronic Gonadotropin

Hormone that maintains the corpus luteum of pregnancy.

Mature Follicle

The dominant follicle of the cycle that bulges from the surface of the ovary.

6-10 Weeks

How long it takes for the menstrual cycle to resume after termination of pregnancy.

Second Meiotic Division of Oocyte

Results in the formation of a mature oocyte that becomes the female pronucleus.

Ootid

The oocyte that contains both male and female pronuclei.

Day 14

The day ovulation typically occurs in the menstrual cycle.

Acrosome Reaction

The perforation of the acrosome when a capacitated sperm contacts the corona radiata.

Zona Reaction

Occurs when the zona pellucida is penetrated by sperm, making the oocyte impermeable to other sperm.

Day 9

The phase of the menstrual cycle when the endometrium doubles or triples in thickness due to estrogen.

Cell Membrane

What is left behind when the sperm head and tail enter the oocyte.

Day 1

The day when menstrual flow begins.

Fructose

What nourishes sperm in seminal fluid.

Seminal Vesicle

Where the alkaline component of semen is produced to neutralize vaginal acidity.

1 Day

The duration for the ischemic phase of the menstrual cycle to complete.

Ampulla

The most common site of fertilization.

Seminal Fluid

Produced by the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands.

Pregnancy

What causes the menstrual cycle to stop.