Exam 4 Lab Packets

which muscles extend and flex the head and neck?

splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius cervicis,

which muscle extends the head?

semispinalis capitis,

which muscles flex the neck?

sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior

what nerve innervates the playsma muscle (and all other muscles of facial expression)?

CN VII; facial nerve

which muscles elevate the hyoid?

stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, and hyoglossus

which muscles depress the hyoid?

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid

which muscles adduct the true vocal cords?

lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoideus

which muscles abduct the true vocal cords?

posterior cricoarytenoid

which muscle increases the tension (raises pitch) in the true vocal cords?

cricothyroid

which muscle decreases the tension (reduces pitch) in the true vocal cords?

thyroarytenoid (vocalis)

which muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

infrahyoid muscles [omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid] and sternothyroid

which muscles of the neck are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?

pharyngeal constrictors [superior constrictor, middle constrictor, and inferior constrictor] & intrinsic laryngeal [lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoideus, posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid]

describe the quadrangular membrane. what do we call its free lower edge?

runs from lateral sides of epiglottis to corniculate and arytenoid cartilages to inner surface of laryngeal prominence for closure of vestibule (continuation of trachea) which once covered in mucosa becomes false vocal cords; vestibular ligament

describe the conus elasticus. what do we call its free upper edge?

runs from cricoid cartilages to internal surface of back of laryngeal cartilage and vocal process of arytenoid cartilage then covered with mucosa forms true vocal cords; vocal ligament

what are the functions of the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

both are endocrine glands (ductless glands) that secrete hormones for diffusion into circulatory system

what hormone does the thyroid gland secrete?

thyroid hormone for protein synthesis, setting BMR, growth and maturation of CNS, cell respiration, long bone growth, etc.

what hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete?

parathyroid hormone for increases blood calcium

which muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve (CN X)?

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

what are the nerves of the neck?

spinal or cranial nerves

what are the cranial nerves of the neck?

what are the spinal nerves of the neck?

which nerves carry autonomic fibers?