Q4 Content Test -Bible

604 to 570 B.C. (Babylonian Exile)

Beginning of Taoism

Symbol of religion, BALANCE (Yang→active) (Yin→passive)

Yin-Yang (Taoism)

“Go with the flow” associated with water

Wu Wei (Taoism)

“The way” all are interconnected

Tao (Taoism)

Efficient

Te

Lao-Tzu

Founder of Taoism (name means “Old Master”)

There is ALWAYS a balance of good and evil (Ex: One person becomes more good, another person becomes worse)

Basic Tenant of Taoism

Govern Lightly

Governments should (Taoism)

Compassion → Courage

Moderation →Generosity

Humility → Leadership

Three Taoist Beliefs

* Tao Te Ching → “The way” and its power, philosophical beliefs
* I Ching →book of changes, used for divinations

Religious Texts in Taoism

550 B.C. (About ten years before Persia conquers Babylon)

Beginnings of Confucianism

Never ending change

Yin-Yang (Confucianism)

Everything has its place

Feng Shui (Confucianism)

Highest principle of Confucian theory, goal is self-cultivation “Do not to other what you do not wish for yourself”

Ren (Confucianism)

Social guidelines to live by , mastered by mastering the ethics in all five relationships of Confucianism

Li (Confucianism)

Founder of Confucianism

Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius)

* Prince (kindness) → Subjects (loyalty)
* Father (love) → Son (filial piety)
* Elder (Benevolence) → Younger (reverence)
* Man (justice) → Woman (obedience)
* Friend → Friend (Faithfulness)

Five relationships of Confucianism

* Wu Jing (Five Classics)
* The Analects
* Book of Menicus → Written by Menicus (follower of Confucianism, who actually made Confucianism clear)

Religious Writings (Confucianism)

500 B.C. (Reign of King Darius of Persia)

Beginnings of Shinto

Founder of Shinto, United Buddhism, Shinto, and Confucianism

Prince Shotoku

Way of the gods, where the word Shinto comes from

Shin Tao (Shinto)

goal of Shinto, means sincere heart

Makoto (Shinto)

A person, thing, or power that posses superior power (aka deities, posses three groups of spirits)

Kami (Shinto)

clan ancestors, powers of nature, souls of dead leaders and heroes

Three groups of Kami

None, came from mythology

Founders of Shinto

Samurai Code; loyalty, honor, polite, gentleman (suicide over dishonor)

Basic Tenant → Bushido (Shinto)

None are inspired

* Kojiki → records of ancient matters
* Nihongi → history of Japan

Religious Writings of Shinto

A time to honor ancestor spirits, time to clean graces, altars, and hang straw festoons

Bon Festivals (Shinto)

Time to purge sins, twice a year (June + December)

Great Purification (Shinto)

1500 B.C. (Joseph in Egypt)

Beginnings of Zoroastrianism

Seven Ideals of morals

Amesha Spentas (Zoroastrianism)

Making the world fresh

Fresho Kereti (Zoroastrianism)

A sacred shirt given when old enough

Sadre (Zoroastrianism)

Sacred Belt made of seventy-two threads to symbolize the chapters in the Yasna

Kushti (Zoroastrianism)

Zarathustra

Founder of Zoroastrianism

Ahura Mazda

Name of god in Zoroastrianism

Anghra Mainyu

Evil counter god (Zoroastrianism)

Dakhma (Tower of Silence) → Open tower where vultures eat the body

What happens to corpses after death (Zoroastrianism)

* The Avesta
* Yasna

Religious Writings (Zoroastrianism)

Seasonal Feasts (6 feasts to celebrate creatoion, 5 days each)

Gahambars (Zoroastrianism)

Cannot convert, must become born into it

How to become converted (Zoroastrianism)

600 A.D. (Roman Exile)

Beginning of Islam

Submission to the will of god

Meaning of the word Islam

ninth month of the Muslim years, consists of fasting from sunrise to sundown, feasts after dark

Ramadan (Islam)

Teachings of the prophet Muhammad

Hadith (Islam)

Striving in the way of god

* Greater Jihad: inner turmoil against sin
* Lesser Jihad: military fight against non-believers/persecution

Jihad (Islam)

What IS permitted

Halal (Islam)

What is NOT permitted

Haram (Islam)

* Shahadah → Profession of faith: there is no god but allah and muhammad is his prophet

First of the Five Pillars (Islam)

Salat → Prayer: Pray five times a day facing Mecca

Second of the five pillars (Islam)

Zakat → Purification of wealth: give at least 2.5% to poor/charities

Third of the five pillars (Islam)

Fasting →Fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, ends with Id al Fitr (holiday)

Fourth of the five pillars (Islam)

Hajj → Pilgrimage to Mecca, if you are financially able

Fifth of the five pillars (Islam)

The Quran

Religious Writings (Islam

Sunni: Majority, only use Quran and Hadith

Shi’ite: Minority, use Quran, Hadith, and other books

Sects of Islam

around 2000 B.C.

Origins of Judaism

“I am who I am” Jews do not speak this name

Yahweh (Judaism)

Common name for God

Elohim (Judaism)

Dispersion and conquering of Israel

Diaspora (Judaism)

Moses, the Judges

Founders of Judaism

* Torah (first five books of the Bible)
* Old Testament
* Talmud (book that explains the Torah)
* Mishnah (compilation of commentaries from the time of Ezra)

Religious Writings (Judaism)

Eight day festival to celebrate freedom from slavery, seder meal

Passover (Judaism)

celebrates first gran harvest and when Moses received the ten commandments

Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (Judaism)

New year (Lunar Calendar)

Rosh Hashanah (Judaism)

Day of atonement (24 hour fast)

Yom Kippur (Judaism)

Festival of Lights (Rededication of the temple)

Chanukah (Judaism)

celebrates the provision of safety from Esther

Feast of Lots (Judaism)

1844

Beginnings of Baha’I

Baha’u’llah

Founder of Baha’I

Beliefs are always changing (new prophets come in and change things)

Tenant of Baha’I

Baha’u’Allah’s books

Religious Writings (Baha’I)

Must make a trip to Baha’U’allah’s grve

Tenant of Baha’I