AP African American studies Unit 1

1.1-1.11

african climate zones

desert, semiarid, savannah grasslands, tropical rainforest, Mediterranean zone

african oceans

red sea, mediterranean sea, Atlantic ocean , indian ocean,

major rivers

niger, congo, zambezi, orange and nile

population centers emerged from

water routes, domestication of animals, fertile land

people in the savnnas

cultivated grain and crops

people in the tropical rainforest

kola trees and yams

people in the Sahel

traded live stock

people in desert and semiarid areas

were herders and traded salt

what led to population growth in west and central African peoples

bananas, yams, and cereals

bantu expansion was from

1500 BCE to 500 CE

Egypt and Nubia

emerged from the nile river around 3000 BCE, traded gold, established the 25th dynasty of black pharaohs

Akusmite

100 BCE, red sea connected it to marine time trade networks, developed its own currency (ge’ez

nok

500 BCE, known for terracotta sculptures, pottery and instruments, settled in sub Saharan Africa

Akusum

the first to adopt Christianity, king Ezna as leader,

what where the Sudanic empires

Ghana, mali and songhai

ancient Ghana and Mali were…

known for their gold mines, strategic location at the nexus of multiple trade routes connecting the sahara to sub saharan Africa

trans-Saharan commerce

helped spread islam, traders, scholars and administrators

what led to the decline of songhai

trade routes shifted from trans-saran to atlantic trade

the Mali empire was ruled by who

Mansa Musa

Mansa musa established what

the empire as a center for trade , learning and cultrual exchange

details the wealth and influence of the ruler Mansa Musa and the Mali empire based on the perspective of a catagrpher from Spain

Catalan Atlas

housed centers for learning, trading,

west African empires

Timbuktu attracted

astronmers, mathematicians, architects, and jurist

griots

prestigious historians, storytellers, and musicians who maintained and shared a communities, history traditions and community

kingdom of Zimbabwe

known for its large stone architecture, the great enclosure was a site for religious and administrative activities. the conical served as a granary

what kingdom was linked to the shona people and flourished off of gold ivory and cattle resources

great Zimbabwe 12th - 15th century

Swahili coast

stretches from Somalia to Mozambique and linked its self to Arab,Persian, Indian and Chinese trading communities

what religion was the Swahili coast

Islamic

the Wolof empire

traded spices and textiles with Portugal, also traded human captives with them

What was Portugal major introduction the African gold trade

elmina

Sao tome was used for…

developed a new system for sugar production (radicalized slavery)

Kongo

traded with Portugal and converted to Christianity under king Nzinga. this helped increase their wealth.

the kingdom of Kongo traded what?

ivory, salt, copper and textiles

due to the trade relations with kongo Portugal demanded what

access to the trade of enslaved people

kinship often formed the basis for what

political alliances

Queen mother Idia of Benin

served as a politcal advisor to her son, helped secure her sons right to the throne. became an iconic symbol for black women leadership. her mask/face is the face of FESTAC

Queen Njinga of Ndongo Matamba

engaged in 30 years of guerrilla warfare.

participated in the slave trade to amass wealth

expanded the military

led to 100+ years of women rulers in matamba

African elites traveled to mediterranean port cities for what reason

diplomatic, education, religious,