Biology- B3.3 Muscle and Motility Terms

Movement

the change of  the position of the body or a body part

Motile

Sessile

organisms that do not move from place to place

Muscle fibres

Sarcolemma

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Myofibrils

Sarcomeres

Dark Band

Light Band

Z lines

M lines

Troponin

Tropomyosin

Powerstroke

Sliding Filament Theory

Actin

Myosin

Titin

Motor Neurons

Action Potentials

Dendrites

Cell Body

Axon

Schwann Cells

Axon Terminals

Neuromuscular Junction

Synapse

Acetylcholine

Joint

Synovial Joint

Tendons

are composed of fibrous tissue which anchors muscles to bones

Ligaments

composed of fibrous tissue which connect bones to bones and stabilises the bones in a joint

Cartilage

Synovial Fluid

lubricates cartilage, provides cartilage with nutrients and oxygen

Joint Capsule

Ball and Socket Joint

allow the most range of motion, ball and socket joints allow flexion, extension, and rotational motion

Hinge Joint

movement in one direction, allow flexion (bending) and extension of limbs and other body parts.

Flexion

Extension

Rotational Motion

Goniometry

Goniometer

Antagonistic Muscles

Locomotion

the ability of an organism to move from one location to another

Foraging

Migration

the movement of animals from one habitat to another in search of food, better conditions, or reproductive needs

Mammal

Endothermic

Marine Mammals

Pentadactyl Limb

Fluke (modified tail)

Endoskeleton

a skeleton in the inside of the body.

Exoskeleton

a hard, protective skeleton on the outside of the body

Tropism

the movement of an organism, usually a plant, towards an external stimulus

Joints

junctions between two or more bones

First class levers

fulcrum placed between the load and the effort (seesaw)

Second class levers

the load is between the effort and the fulcrum (wheelbarrow)

Third class levers

the effort placed between the load and the fulcrum (hammer)

Muscles

contract to generate force and move muscles.

Cartilage

reduces friction between bones, and absorbs shock

Synovial Capsule

seals synovial fluid and promotes stability by limiting movement of the joint