American Yawp - Chapter 3: British North America

Reverend Francis Le Jau

Minister who baptized and educated a substantial number of slaves.

Captain Thomas Phillips

Ship captain with experience in selling slaves

Pequot War

Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut

Curacao

Dutch plantation colony in the Southern Carribean

King Phillip's War

The last significant effort by the Indians of southern New England to drive away English settlers. The Indians were led by Metacom, the Pokunoket chief whom English setters called "King Philip."

Middle Passage

the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade

dysentery

an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea

Castillo de San Marcos

Fort St. Augustine. Founded in response to threat Spanish felt after the founding of Charleston, SC.

Decree of Sanctuary

Issued by Spanish. Granted freedom to slaves who converted to Catholicism and swore oath of loyalty to Spain.

Married Abroad

slaves who are married, but live on different plantations

Charles I of England

1600-1649; King of England 1625-1649; numerous conflicts with Parliament; fought wars with France, Spain, and Scotland; eventually provoked Civil War, convicted of treason, and beheaded

Causes of Civil War in England

Political and economic conflicts between Parliament and Crown, religious tensions

Oliver Cromwell

English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.

Navigation Act of 1651

prohibited Dutch merchants from the colonial trade and gave English traders a monopoly by requiring that goods importated into England or its American settlements be carried on English ships.

Glorious Revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Charles II (1660-1685)

Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell's Interregnum.

Lords of Trade and Plantations

1670s, royal committee established to enforce the

mercantile system in the colonies. Created by Charles II.

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England

Bill of Rights (1689)

A bill passed by Parliament and accepted by William and Mary that limited the powers of British monarchs and affirmed those of Parliament. Also cemented Protestantism in England.

Cecilius Calvert

was given a charter by King Charles I, founded Maryland (also known as "Lord Baltimore")

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government. Allowed people to choose their own magistrates.

New Haven

founded in Connecticut by Puritans who contrived to set up an even closer church government alliance than in Massachusetts

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Lord Proprietors

owners or rulers of the colony of Carolina after 1663. Charles II's favorites.

The Sword of the Lord

Puritan military force that attacked the Pequots.

John Sassamon

A Christian Indian who had graduated from Harvard College that warned the English that the Wampanoags were preparing for war. He was later found dead in a frozen pond.

Great Swamp Fight

Colonial milita fought Native Americans in King Philip's War

Benjamin Church

Savior of New England from Metacom. General of settlers confederate army. Basically made confederate army use Guerrilla tactics. Responsible for the Swamp Fight--effectively ending the ward b/c of how many NA's died, Metacom fled after this.

Salem Witch Trials

1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress

Metacom

Native American leader who led an attack on the villages of Massachusetts; also called King Philip

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Sir William Berkeley

the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His shortcomings led to Bacon's Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon

Person who led poor former indentured servants and frontiersman on a rampage against Indians and colonial government

Sarah Drummond

Advocated Independence from England and the formation of a Virginian Republic.

Popé

Pueblo religious leader who led an uprising against the Spanish. Struck major blow to Spanish power. Greatest act of Indian resistance in North American history.

Yamasee Indians

Defeated by the south Carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. The Yamasee defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies.

Walking Purchase of 1737

the Lenni Lanape Indians of Pennsylvania lost more land than they had anticipated when Governor James Logan hired a team of runners to mark off the land "a man could walk" in thirty-six hours.