Functional Groups & Biological Molecules

functional group: Hydroxyl (—OH)

functional group: carbonyl (—CHO) (at end, aka aldehyde)

functional group: Carbonyl (CO) (in chain, aka ketone)

functional group: Amino (at end) (—NH2)

functional group: Ether (in chain) (—O—)

functional group: Ester (—COOR)

what family does hydroxyl belong to?

alcohols (example: ethanol)

what family does carbonyl (at end) belong to?

aldehydes (example: acetaldehyde)

what family does carbonyl (in chain) belong to?

ketones (example: acetone)

what family does amino (at end) belong to?

amines (example: methylamine)

what family does ether (in chain) belong to?

ether (example: methyl ethyl ether)
- glycosidic linkage is also classified as this functional group

what family does ester belong to?

esters (example: ethyl benzoate)

functional group: Carboxyl (—COOH) (at end)

what family does carboxyl belong to?

carboxylic acid (example: acetic acid)

functional group: Sulfhydryl

what family does sulfhydryl belong to?

thiols (example: cysteine)

functional group: Phosphate

what family does phosphate belong to?

phosphates (example: glycerol phosphate)

functional group: Methyl

what family does methyl belong to?

alkanes (example: lidocane)