Bio 119 Exam 1

Linnean Hierarchy

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is the term for the process of evolution at the level of species or higher taxonomic unit?

macroevolution

Terms describe a character as opposed to a character state

flower color, leaf shape

Which of the following terms describe a character state as opposed to a character

blue flower, lobed leaf

What is the term for the process of evolution at the level of the population, which involves changes in allele frequencies?

microevolution

taxa that no longer exist

extinct

a group that includes all the descendants of the group's most recent common ancestor

Monophyletic

taxa that exist today

extant

a group that includes some but not all the descendants of the group's most recent common ancestor

paraphyletic

a term that is used to refer specifically to a monophyletic group

clade

a branching point in a phylogeny that indicates an ancestor of its descendant taxa

node

the lines in a phylogeny that indicate paths of descent

branch

All Spermatophytes produce flowers and fruit.

false

All Embryophytes are Tracheophytes but not all Tracheophytes are Embryophytes.

false

All Embryophytes are Viridophytes but not all Viridophytes are Embryophytes.

true

Chlorophyll b is required for oxygenic photosynthesis and is diagnostic for Embryophytes.

false

All Spermatophytes are Tracheophytes but not all Tracheophytes are Spermatophytes.

true

All Tracheophytes are Spermatophytes but not all Spermatophytes are Tracheophytes.

false

What feature appears in the diagram at the node labeled A (or 6)?

flowers and fruit

What is the name for the taxa comprised of the blue, yellow, and orange groups?

Tracheophytes

What is the name for the taxa comprised of the blue and yellow groups?

Spermatophytes

What is the name for the taxa comprised of the blue, yellow, orange, and purple groups?

Embryophytes

What feature appears in the diagram at the node labeled B (or 5)?

seeds and pollen

What feature appears in the diagram at the node labeled D (or 2)?

includes chlorophyll B

the group that includes plants that produce seeds and pollen

Spermatophytes

the group of plants that produces flowers and fruit

Angiosperms

the primary photosynthetic pigment found in Rhodophytes and Viridophytes

chlorophyll a

the group that includes only vascular plants

Tracheophytes

the group that includes Chlorophytes and Embryophytes

Viridophytes

the group that includes both non-vascular and vascular plants

Embryophytes

seed plants that do not produce flowers or fruit

Gymnosperms

an accessory photosynthetic pigment that is diagnostic for Viridophytes

chlorophyll b

What feature appears in the diagram at the node labeled E (or 1)?

chlorophyll a

a type of cell division in which the ploidy of the daughter cells is one half that of the parent cell

meiosis

the diploid, multicellular portion of the sporic meiosis life cycle

sporophyte

the haploid, unicellular portion of the sporic meiosis life cycle which is produced by mitosis

gamete

a type of cell division in which the ploidy of the daughter cells is the same as that of the parent cell

mitosis

the haploid, unicellular portion of the sporic meiosis life cycle which is produced by meiosis

spore

the haploid multicellular portion of the sporic meiosis life cycle

gametophyte

 What feature appears in the diagram at the node labeled C(or 4)?

vascular tissue

What is the name for the taxa comprised of the blue, yellow, orange, purple, and green groups?

Viridophytes

Leaf Blade

Lamina

Edge of Leaf

Margin

Central Vein

Midrib

Small branch that attaches leaf to stem

petiole

Which side of the leaf is the adaxial side?

upper side

On which side of a leaf does gas exchange occur?

the abaxial side

Which of the following plant organs do the structures represent modifications of? (bulb, runner,corm)

stem

What is the term for the structure labeled A in the diagram above?

terminal bud

What is the term for the structure labeled B in the diagram above?

axillary bud

What is the term for the structure labeled C in the diagram above?

node

What is the term for the structure labeled D in the diagram above?

internode

What is the term for the structure labeled E in the diagram above?

phytomer

What is the term for the structure labeled F in the diagram above?

petiole

What is the term for the structure labeled G in the diagram above?

blade

What is the term for the structure labeled K in the diagram above?

shoot system

What is the term for the structure labeled L in the diagram above?

root system

Which side of the leaf is the abaxial side?

the underside

Which side of the leaf is the adaxial side?

the upper side

classification tree (going down)

viridophytes, chlorophytes and embryophytes, bryophytes and tracheophytes, lycophytes and euphyllophytes, monilophytes and spermophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms

Viridophytes

everything except red algae, pick up chlorophyll B trait

Embryophytes

“land” plants, embryo is retained

Bryophytes

aka moss, non-vascular plants (no xylem and phloem)

Tracheophytes

vascular plants (have xylem and phloem)

Spermatophytes

seed plants (seeds and pollen)

Gymnosperms

naked seed (conifers)

Angiosperms

“vessel” seed (fruit and flowers)